Training effects metabolism

All of the above discussion on the functional properties of metabolic pathways has focused on short-term responses. The question arises of the effects of adjustments over acclimation or intermediate time courses because studies with humans and mammals dominate this field, we will refer to these as training effects rather than acclimations (the term that is used elsewhere throughout this book). 

The exercise must be nonstop. To induce a training effect (i.e., a change in muscle metabolism), the heart rate must... 

NAPOLI, C., WILLIAMS-IGNARRO, S., DE NIGRIS, R, LERMAN, L. O., ROSSI, L., GUARINO, C., MANSUETO, G., DI TUORO, R, PIGNALOSA, O., DE ROSA, G., SICA, V. IGNARRO, L. J. 2004. Long-term combined beneficial effects of physical training and metabolic treatment on atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 101,8797-802. 

Tarnopolsky and colleagues78 studied six trained, male runners using a 90-min treadmill run. Subjects, who were habituated to caffeine (200 mg/day) were administerd 6-mg/kg caffeine 1 h prior to testing. No significant differences in metabolic or neuromuscular effects were de-... 

The impact of aerobic exercise on protein requirements remains uncertain. Exercise clearly can disrupt protein metabolism, both protein turnover and amino acid oxidation. However, it remains to be determined if these effects are acute effects of exhaustive exercise or if moderate exercise in trained individuals still produces increased oxidation of amino acids. 

---