Tracheobronchial aspirate

Tracheobronchial aspirate fluid in mechanically ventilated preterm infants correlated positively with mean daily fractional inspired oxygen concentration and was very low in babies not requiring oxygen therapy (VI3). 

V13. Vento, G., Mele, M. C., Mordente, A., Romagnoli, C., Matassa, P. G., Zecca, E., Zappacosta, B., and Persichilli, S., High total antioxidant activity and uric acid in tracheobronchial aspirate fluid of preterm infants during oxidative stress An adaptive response to hyperoxia . Acta Paediatr. 89, 336-342 (2000). 

Mays EE, Dubois JJ, Hamilton GB. Pulmonary fibrosis associated with tracheobronchial aspiration. Chest 1976 69 512-515. 

Figure 1 Algorithm for the management of patients with nosocomial pneumonia. Abbreviations CXR, chest X ray CPIS, clinical pulmonary infection score TEAS, tracheobronchial aspirate BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage PSB, protected specimen bmsh PaOa, oxygen arterial pressure Fi02, inspired fraction of oxygen MODS, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.

An understanding of common mechanisms of death due to poisoning can help prepare the care-giver to treat patients effectively. Many toxins depress the central nervous system (CNS), resulting in obtundation or coma. Comatose patients frequently lose their airway protective reflexes and their respiratory drive. Thus, they may die as a result of airway obstruction by the flaccid tongue, aspiration of gastric contents into the tracheobronchial tree, or respiratory arrest. These are the most common causes of death due to overdoses of narcotics and sedative-hypnotic drugs (eg, barbiturates and alcohol). 

An 8-year-old girl with asthma underwent tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy hemostasis was performed with bismuth-adrenaline paste. A small amount of bismuth was noted in the endotracheal tube before extu-bation, and in the recovery room she developed respiratory difficulty associated with nasal flaring and sternal retraction. A chest X-ray showed aspirated radio-opaque material outlining the tracheobronchial tree and early pulmonary infiltrates. 

C. Ingestion. Aspiration into the tracheobronchial tree may result in hydrocarbon pneumonia (see p 219). 

Biochemical studies have demonstrated the presence of surface-active components, predominantly phospholipids, in airway secretions (42). Bernhard et al. (43,44) studied the conductive airway phospholipids in the tracheobronchial secretions of adult pigs and compared their results with analyses of bronchoalveolar lavage (B AL) fluid, tracheobronchial epithelium, and lung parenchyma. The composition of the PC and PL molecular species of the tracheal aspirates was similar... 

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