Tracer kinetics

A. Rescigno and G. Segre, Drug and Tracer Kinetics. Blaisdell, Waltham, MA, 1966. 

NA Lassen, W Perl. Tracer Kinetic Methods in Medical Physiology. New York Raven Press, 1979. 

LIPID TRACER KINETICS fatty acid SYNTHASE Fatty acid tracer kinetics,... 

LIPID TRACER KINETICS Fatty acyl-CoA desaturases,... 

GLUCOSE TRACER KINETICS Glucosylceramide j8-D-glucosidase, GLUCOCEREBROSIDASE GLUCURONATE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYLYL-TRANSFERASE... 

GLUCOSE TRACER KINETICS GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE GLYCOLA.TE OXIDASE... 

LIPID TRACER KINETICS Lipid phase state,... 

LIPID PHASE TRANSITION KINETICS LIPID PHASE TRANSITION KINETICS LIPID TRACER KINETICS Lipid transfer across membrane bilayers, PHOSPHOLIPID FLIP-FLOP Lipoamide,... 

ACTIN ASSEMBLY KINETICS MICROTUBULE ASSEMBLY KINETICS Triglyceride synthesis kinetics (hepatic), LIRID TRACER KINETICS 2,4,5-Trihydroxyphenylalanine quinone, REDOX-ACTIVE AMINO ACIDS TRIMOLECULAR MOLECUARITY ORDER... 

Huang, S.C., Phelps, M.E. Principles of tracer kinetic modeling in positron emission tomography and autoradiography. In Phelps. M.E.. Mazziota. J., Schelbert H. (eds) Positron Emission Tomography and Autoradiography Principles and Applications for the Brain and Heart. Raven Press, New York, 1986. 

Many steps are required (e.g., data acquisition, tracer kinetic modeling, image processing, reconstruction, and analysis). 

Goans RE, Weiss GH, Abrams SA, Perez MD, Yergey AL. Calcium tracer kinetics show decreased irreversible flow to bone in glucocorticoid treated patients. Calcif Tissue Int 1995 56(6) 533-5. 

From the above it can be concluded that in many instances the introduction of an artificial radionuclide into the environment provides us with a natural tracer experiment. Indeed, this is the basis for the application of deterministic compartmental models, based on tracer kinetics, to radioecology (Whicker and Schultz, 1982). This approach is largely based on the assumption that radionuclide movements will exhibit first order kinetics although the existence of naturally-occurring tracees (stable isotopes) at relatively high abundance may result in more complex concentration-dependent kinetics. Furthermore, nutrient analogues may exert even more complex effects on processes such as radioion absorption across root plasma membranes this will become evident later in the chapter. 

Weiss, M., Theorems on log-convex disposition curves in drug and tracer kinetics, Journal of Theoretical Biology, Vol. 116, 1985, pp. 355-368. 

A detailed quantitative evaluation of tracer kinetics requires the use of compartment modelling. A two-tissue compartment model is used for the evaluation of the dynamic studies. This is a standard methodology in particular for the quantification of dynamic FDG studies (13-15). Concerning the 68Ga-peptide kinetics, again the two-tissue compartment model is applied to the data. In case of 68Ga-labelled peptides, DOTATOC or bombesin, kl is associated with the receptor binding, k2 with the displacement from the receptor, k3 with the cellular internalisation, and k4 with the externalisation. The fractional blood volume... 

Cobelli C, Foster DM, Toffolo G. Tracer kinetics in biomedical research From data to model. New York Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 2000. 

Smith D. F. (1981) Tracer kinetic analysis applied to problems in marine biology. In Physiological Bases of Phytoplankton Ecology (ed. T. Platt) Can. Bull. Fish Aquat. Sci. 170, Ottawa, pp. 113-129. 

The main application of the instrument will be for tracer kinetic and pharmacological measurements in biomedical studies. Essentially, C IRMS is an alternative technique to C Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry ( C IRMS), which is widely accepted within the biomedical community. C IRMS is at least 1(X)-1000 times more sensitive than C IRMS. This allows, for example, that the kinetics of C-labelled enzymes, aminoacids or carcinogens can be studied in the human body at levels that are comparable to actual environmental exposure. 

Mijailovich SM, Treppo S, Venegas JG. Effects of lung motion and tracer kinetics corrections on PET imaging of pulmonary function. J Appl Physiol 1997 82(4) 1154-1162. 

P. Veng-Pedersen, S. Chapel, N. H. Al-Huniti, R. L. Schmidt, E. M. Sedars, R. J. Hohl, and J. A. Widness, Pharmacokinetic tracer kinetics analysis of changes in erythropoietin receptor population in phlebotomy-induced anemia and bone marrow ablation. Biopharm Drug Dispos 25(4) 149-156 (2003). 

The determination of cerebral perfusion using CTP is based on examining the relationships between the arterial, tissue, and the venous enhancement. More specifically, tracer kinetic theory states that if one knows the input and the output of a tracer from a voxel, one can determine the volume of distribution (i.e., fractional vascular volume) and the clearance rate (i.e., flow per unit tissue volume) [20, 114, 115]. The fractional vascular volume,/, is defined by the following equation ... 

Femandez-Checa JC, Garcia-Ruiz C, Ookhtens M, Kaplowitz N (1991) Impaired uptake of glutathione by hepatic mitochondria from chronic ethanol-fed rats. Tracer kinetic studies in vitro and in vivo and susceptibility to oxidant stress. J Clin Invest 87 397 05 Finucane DM, Bossy-Wetzel E, Waterhouse NJ, Cotter TG, Green DR (1999) Bax-induced caspase activation and apoptosis via cytochrome c release from mitochondria is inhibitable by Bcl-xL. J Biol Chem 274 2225-2233... 

For the interested reader, there are several reviews of the theory and applications to pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (Steimer et aL, 19 5 Sheiner and Ludden, 1992), but so far, the methods have not been applied to tracer kinetic problems in metabolism and nutrition. The goal of this paper is to provide an introductory review of the theory, applications, and available software, with particular attention to how they relate to problems in metabolism and nutrition. 

The mathematics of pharmacokinetics strongly resembles, and arises from, the mathematics of chemical kinetics, enzyme kinetics, and radioisotope (tracer) kinetics. Table 2.1 shows how, over the years, the mathematical theory of pharmacokinetics and that of its older siblings has been substantiated by experimental work. In fact, substantiation of a particular kinetic theory often... 

Drugs and Tracer Kinetics by Rescigno and Segre published ... 

Rescigno A, Segre G (1966). Drugs and Tracer Kinetics. Waltham Blaisdell. 

W.M. Pardridge and E.M. Landow, Tracer kinetic model of blood brain barrier transport of plasma protein-bound ligands. Empiric testing of the free hormone hypothesis, J Clin Invest 7A 7A5-752 (198A). 

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