Trace elements spark source mass spectrometry

H. Kramer, S. Semel J.E. Abel, Trace Elemental Survey Analysis of Trinitrotoluene , PATR 4767 (1975) (An evaluation of the applicability of spark source mass spectrometry and thermal neutron activation for the detn of origin-related trace elemental impurities in TNT) 10) C. Ribando J. Haber-man, Origin-Identification of Explosives Via Their Composite Impurity Profiles I. The... 

A logical approach which serves to minimise such uncertainties is the use of a number of distinctly different analytical methods for the determination of each analyte wherein none of the methods would be expected to suffer identical interferences. In this manner, any correspondence observed between the results of different methods implies that a reliable estimate of the true value for the analyte concentration in the sample has been obtained. To this end Sturgeon et al. [21] carried out the analysis of coastal seawater for the above elements using isotope dilution spark source mass spectrometry. GFA-AS, and ICP-ES following trace metal separation-preconcentration (using ion exchange and chelation-solvent extraction), and direct analysis by GFA-AS. These workers discuss analytical advantages inherent in such an approach. 

Trace Elements in Coal Dust by Spark-Source Mass Spectrometry... 

Isotope Dilution By Spark Source Mass Spectrometry. A unique and quite different approach to determining trace elements in solids, liquids, and gases uses the isotope dilution technique. This method has been operational for some time with mass spectrometers. Thermal ionization... 

While we have not yet carried out detailed kinetic measurements on the rate of photocorrosion, our impression is that the process is relatively insensitive to the specific composition of the strontium titanate. Trace element compositions, obtained by spark-source mass spectrometry, are presented in Table I for the four boules of n-SrTi03 from which electrodes have been cut. Photocorrosion has been observed in samples from all four boules. In all cases, the electrodes were cut to a thickness of 1-2 mm using a diamond saw, reduced under H2 at 800-1000 C for up to 16 hours, polished with a diamond paste cloth, and etched with either hot concentrated nitric acid or hot aqua regia. Ohmic contacts were then made with gallium-indium eutectic alloy, and a wire was attached using electrically conductive silver epoxy prior to mounting the electrode on a Pyrex support tube with either epoxy cement or heat-shrinkable Teflon tubing. 

Several other methods have been used to determine the trace elements in the mineral matter of coal, as well as in whole coal and coal-derived materials. These methods include spark-source mass spectrometry, neutron activation analysis, optical emission spectroscopy, and atomic absorption spectroscopy. 

Spark-source mass spectrometry (SSMS) has been used extensively in the determination of trace elements in coal. Whole coal samples as well as ash residues, fly ash, and coal dust have been analyzed using this technique. 

U RE AM, Bacon JR, Berrow ML and Watt JJ (1971) The total trace element of same content of some Scottish soils by spark source mass spectrometry. Geoderma 5 53. 

In the biological area, spark source mass spectrometry (SSMS) is an ideal tool for trace elemental analysis. First, the sample is ashed by strong heating or by a microwave discharge in oxygen to remove the organic material. The residue is then... 

The laser ion source can be used for trace analysis of all elements down to the sub-ppm range. The main advantage of this method compared with spark source mass spectrometry is that little sample preparation is required so that minute sample amounts which are difficult to handle can be investigated. A mixture of the sample with the conducting material, such as graphite is not necesseny, because the conductivity of the sample has no influence on the ion production. 

K. P. Jochum, Trace element analysis of geological samples by modern spark source mass spectrometry using multi-ion counting, Spectrosc. Eur. 9, 22-27 (1997). 

Taylor, S.R., 1979, Trace Element Analysis of Rare Earth Element by Spark Source Mass Spectrometry, in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 4, eds K.A. Gsehneidner Jr and L. Eyring (North-Holland, Amsterdam) pp. 359 376. 

F.K. Fong, Nonradiative processes of rare-earth ions in crystals 317 J.W. O Laughlin, Chemical spectrophotometric and polarographic methods 341 S.R. Taylor, Trace element analysis cf rare earth elements by spark source mass spectroscopy RJ. Conzemius, Analysis of rare earth matrices by spark source mass spectrometry 377 37D. E.L. DeKalb and V.A. FasseL Optical atomic emission and absorption methods 405 37E. A.P. D Silva and V.A. Fassel, X-ray excited optical luminescence of the rare earths 441 F.W.V. Boynton, Neutron activation analysis 457... 

TRACE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF RARE EARTH ELEMENTS BY SPARK SOURCE MASS SPECTROMETRY... 

Evans, C.A. and G.H. Morrison, 1968, Trace element survey analysis of biological materials by spark source mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 40, 869. 

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