Toxicology Pyrrolizidines

Culvenor, C. C. J. 1983. Estimated intakes of pyrrolizidine alkaloids by humans. A eomparison with dose rates eausing tumors in rats. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, 11 625-635. 

Mattocks, A. R. 1986. Chemistry and Toxicology of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids. London - New York Aeademie Press. 

Molyneux, R. J. and James, L. F. 1990. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in milk Tresholds of inotoxication. Veterinary and Human Toxicology, 32(S) 94-103. 

ANZFA. 2001. Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Food. A Toxicological Review and Risk Assessment. Technical Report Series No. 2. Australia New Zealand Food Authority. 16pp. 

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids, chemistry and toxicology of 86MI9. Quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids 90CCC2840. Quinolizidine alkaloids 87WCH393. 

Huan J, Miranda CL, Buhler DR, and Cheeke PR (1998) Species differences in the hepatic microsomal enzyme metabolism of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Toxicology Letters 99 127-137. 

Mattocks AR. Chemistry and toxicology of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids. London Academic Press, 1986. 

Some synthetic substances have been prepared with pyrrolizidine alkaloids as intermediates and with useful pharmacological properties as the goal for the final products (225, 226). The toxicological and pharmacological studies of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids have been reviewed elsewhere (75, 227-230), and it is beyond the scope of the present chapter to review more than the chemistry of this class of alkaloids. 

Chem. Soc. 74, 5612 (1952). Configuration Adams, Fles, ibid. 81, 5803 (1959) Robin. Crout, J. Chem. Soc. (C) 1969, 1386. Crystal structure H. Stoekli-Evans, Acta Crystallogr. B35, 231 (1979). Toxicology of monocrotaline and other pyrrolizidine alkaloids McLean, Pharmacol Rev. 22, 429-483 (1970) Allen et aL, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 23, 470 (1972) R. A. Roth ei al ibid. 60, 193 (1981). Review and evaluation of studies of carcinogenic and toxic action in laboratory animals JARC Monographs 10, 291-302, 333-342 (1976). Comprehensive reviews L. Bull et al. The... 

Huxtable, R.J. (1979). New aspects of the toxicology and pharmacology of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Biochem. Pharmacol, 10, 159-167... 

Schoental, R. 1968. Toxicology and carcinogenic action of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Cancer Res. 28(11) 2237. 

Mattocks AR (1986) Chemistry and toxicology of pyrrolizidine alkaloids, Academic Press, London... 

The pyrrolizidine alkaloids form a toxicologically important group today they occur in some genera of the Fabaceae, Boraginaceae and Asteraceae families. TLC can also be used for identification of these substances. Some hi /-values of the alkaloids occurring most often in these plants are given in Table 76 [200]. 

ANFFA (2001) Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in food. A toxicological review and risk assessment. Tech report series No 2ANZFA, Canberra... 

PetzingerE (2011) Pyrrolizidine alkaloids and seneciosis in farm animals. Part 1 occurrence, chemistry and toxicology. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 39(4) 221-230... 

Britz-Kirstgen R (1985) Phytochemische JJntersuchungen an Senecio cacallaster L., Echinacea angustifolia DC und Pulmonaria officinalis L, PhD thesis, Universitat Bonn Mattocks AR (1986) Chemistry and toxicology of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Academic Press, London... 

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