Toxicity, safety hazard

Toxic and Hazardous Industrial Chemicals Safety Manual, The International Technical Information Institute, Tokyo, Japan, 1975. 

An unducted Class IIA BSC should not be used for work involving hazardous or toxic gases and vapors. The buildup ot chemical vapors in the cabinet by recirculated air) and in the laboratory (from exhaust air) could create health and safety hazards. 

Pentaborane. See Vol 2, B254-L to B256-R Addnl Ref Anon, Toxic and Hazardous Industrial Chemicals Safety Manual , The International Technical Information Institute, Tokyo (1975), 396-7... 

OSHA. 1989b. Toxic and hazardous substances. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 

OSHA. 1997b. Occupational safety and health standards for shipyard employment. Toxic and hazardous substances. U.S. Department of Labor. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 

OSHA Hazard Communication Standard. Subpart Z, Toxic and Hazardous Substances 29 CFR 1910.1200 section g. Material Safety Data Sheets. 

Most of the materials used in the manufacture of chemicals are poisonous, to some extent. The potential hazard will depend on the inherent toxicity of the material and the frequency and duration of any exposure. It is usual to distinguish between the short-term effects (acute) and the long-term effects (chronic). A highly toxic material that causes immediate injury, such as phosgene or chlorine, would be classified as a safety hazard. Whereas a material whose effect was only apparent after long exposure at low concentrations, for instance, carcinogenic materials, such as vinyl chloride, would be classified as industrial... 

OSHA. 1998c. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Table Z-l. Limits for air contaminants Table Z-2. Toxic and Hazardous Substances. 29 CFR 1910.1000. 

Occupational safety healthy administration. Occupational safety and healt standards. Z. Toxic and hazardous substances. 1910-1025 App A. Substance data sheet for occupational exposure to lead. Consulted on March 2012. http //www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp. show document p id= 10031 p table=ST AND ARDS... 

Both have chosen flammability, explosiveness and toxicity as hazardous properties of substances. Heikkila et al. (1996) have also included corrosiveness to the list because in corrosive environments the right choice of construction materials is essential to inherent safety. 

Fawsett, H. H. 1982. Toxicity Versus Hazard, in Safety and Accident Prevention in Chemical Operations, 2nd ed., New York Wiley-Interscience. 

Exposure limits The permissible exposure limits (PELs) in air, set by the Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA), can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations (General Industry Standards for Toxic and Hazardous Substances, 1977). Unless noted otherwise, the PELs are 8-h time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations. 

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