Toxicity lethality

Toxicity. Lethality is the primary ha2ard of phosphine exposure. Phosphine may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through skin. AH phosphine-related effects seen at sublethal inhalation exposure concentrations are relatively small and completely reversible. The symptoms of sublethal phosphine inhalation exposure include headache, weakness, fatigue, di22iness, and tightness of the chest. Convulsions may be observed prior to death in response to high levels of phosphine inhalation. Some data are given in Table 2. 

Abstract Main features of the R D resulting in the new means for primary decontamination of chemical warfare agents based on the chemisorption principle introduced into the Czech Army s individual decontamination mean IPB-80 and into the Czech Civil Protection first aid kit ZPJ-80, and in the upgrading of sets for secondary decontamination PCHB-60-P and PCHP-60-P are presented. First results of R D on universal solutions for detoxification of super-toxic lethal chemical warfare agents on human skin are shown and discussed. 

Acute oral toxicity To determine the potential acute toxicity-lethality following a single oral dose... 

Acute inhalation toxicity To determine the potential acute toxicity-lethality following a single 4-h inhalation exposure to a test atmosphere containing the new pharmaceutical excipient (aerosol, vapor or particles)... 

Strongly toxic, lethal at less than 10 g. Moderately toxic, not lethal at less than 10 g. Weakly toxic, not lethal at less than 100 g. Negative, not lethal at less than 1000 g. 

Median Lethal Concentration (LC50) The concentration of a toxicant lethal to one half of a test population. 

OSTRACODTOXKIT Crustaceans (ostracods) Heterocypris incongruens 6 days Chronic toxicity (lethality/growth —... 

The response time of a chemical sensor should be appropriate for the application for which it is intended. For example, if the sensor is used to monitor acutely toxic (lethal) substances in the workplace, the response time should be faster than the biological/ toxicological re.sponse — perhaps only a few seconds. On the other hand, some applications, such as monitoring the spread of a chemical waste plume underground, have characteristic time scales of days to years, permitting utilization of sensors that respond more slowly. 

CN AND CS Toxicity in Animals In animal studies, the cause of death from CN inhalation is the result of toxicity in the pulmonary system. Post-mortem examination from acute toxicity lethality studies in animals... 

However, even though they are not gases, the vapour pressiues of Tabun, Soman, and particularly Sarin, are sufficiently great at normal temperatures that, coupled with the compounds great toxicity, lethal concentrations of their vapours are built up near to liquid samples (the lower the boiling point, the higher the vapour pressure at any given temperature — see Table 1). This is clear from the Japanese subway incident (see below). 

Skin absorption and administration by intraperitoneal and intravenous routes exhibited high acute toxicity lethal dose in mice intraperitoneally was 4 mg/kg... 

Moderate oral toxicity lethal dose on guinea pigs by ingestion,... 

Moderate to high oral toxicity lethal dose in guinea pigs 50 mg/kg in humans, skin contact can cause an acne-type dermatitis and itching cumulative effects from prolonged exposure can lead to liver damage TLV-TWA 0.5 mg/m (ACGIH)... 

In the Green Screen the hazards of a chemical are defined by its potential to cause acute or chronic adverse effects in humans or wildlife, its fate in the environment, and certain physi-cal/chemical properties of concern to human health. Acute mammalian toxicity (lethality) and irritation of the skin or eye are examples of acute adverse effects that can result from inhalation, ingestion, or dermal contact with a chemical. Chronic effects occur after repeated exposures and include cancer and adverse effects to the reproductive, neurological, endocrine, or immune systems. 

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