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Toughening mechanisms schematic

Figure 7 shows these results schematically for both twist and tilt crack deflections. Thus, for the stress intensity factor required to drive a crack at a tilt or twist angle, the appHed driving force must be increased over and above that required to propagate the crack under pure mode 1 loading conditions. Twist deflection out of plane is a more effective toughening mechanism than a simple tilt deflection out of plane. [Pg.51]

Figure 1. Schematic of important concepts used to study toughening mechanisms. Figure 1. Schematic of important concepts used to study toughening mechanisms.
Figure 19. Schematic representation of the three different toughening mechanisms in dispersed systems, where the assumed loading direction is vertical (a) induced formation of fibrillated crazes (i.e., with microvoids in them) at the equatorial zones of rubber particles (b) induced formation of homogeneous crazes at cavitated particles and (c) induced formation of shear deformation between cavitated particles. Figure 19. Schematic representation of the three different toughening mechanisms in dispersed systems, where the assumed loading direction is vertical (a) induced formation of fibrillated crazes (i.e., with microvoids in them) at the equatorial zones of rubber particles (b) induced formation of homogeneous crazes at cavitated particles and (c) induced formation of shear deformation between cavitated particles.
On the basis of the experimental facts reported above, it is now possible to describe, at least schematically, the essential toughening mechanisms of the PP/PA6/ POE blends. The dissipation of impact energy in the blends is probably due to the following factors (i) the isolated elastomer particles play a small but significant role... [Pg.568]

Figure 10. Schematic presentation of toughening mechanisms. Frontal-wake mechanisms (a) dislocation glide, (b) microcracking, (c) phase transformation, (d) ductile second phase. Bridging mechanisms (e) grains, (f) fibers, (g) whiskers, (h) ductile second phase. Reproduced with permission of.(9). Figure 10. Schematic presentation of toughening mechanisms. Frontal-wake mechanisms (a) dislocation glide, (b) microcracking, (c) phase transformation, (d) ductile second phase. Bridging mechanisms (e) grains, (f) fibers, (g) whiskers, (h) ductile second phase. Reproduced with permission of.(9).
Fig. 8.37 Schematic illustration of the primary toughening mechanisms in ceramics and ceramic-matrix composites. Note that all mechanisms are extrinsic in nature and promote inelastic deformation which results in a nonlinear stress/strain relationship [4]. With kind permission of Professor Ritchie... Fig. 8.37 Schematic illustration of the primary toughening mechanisms in ceramics and ceramic-matrix composites. Note that all mechanisms are extrinsic in nature and promote inelastic deformation which results in a nonlinear stress/strain relationship [4]. With kind permission of Professor Ritchie...
Figure 8. Schematic description of the toughening mechanism in nanocomposites. Figure 8. Schematic description of the toughening mechanism in nanocomposites.
FIGURE 2.4 Schematic representation of the crack pinning-toughening mechanism. The propagating crack front bows out and pins at the particle sites. [Pg.39]

Figure 17.3 A schematic representation of plastic void growth and matrix shear banding mechanisms observed to be involved in the fracture of nanosihca-fiUed epoxy resins. Reprinted from Polymer, 53, Dittanet, P., Pearson, R.A., Effect of silica nanoparticle size on toughening mechanisms of filled epoxy, 1890—1905, Copyright (2012), with permission from... Figure 17.3 A schematic representation of plastic void growth and matrix shear banding mechanisms observed to be involved in the fracture of nanosihca-fiUed epoxy resins. Reprinted from Polymer, 53, Dittanet, P., Pearson, R.A., Effect of silica nanoparticle size on toughening mechanisms of filled epoxy, 1890—1905, Copyright (2012), with permission from...
Figure 8.15 Schematic illustration of the transformation-toughening mechanism in tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (TZP) ceramics, as visualized by atomic force microscopy. (AFM images reproduced from Ref [13J] with kind permission of Wiley-Blackwell Publishing.)... Figure 8.15 Schematic illustration of the transformation-toughening mechanism in tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (TZP) ceramics, as visualized by atomic force microscopy. (AFM images reproduced from Ref [13J] with kind permission of Wiley-Blackwell Publishing.)...
Figure 5. Schematic of a Crack Tip Damage Zone with Two Typical Toughening Mechanisms Shear Yielding and Crazing. Figure 5. Schematic of a Crack Tip Damage Zone with Two Typical Toughening Mechanisms Shear Yielding and Crazing.
Toughening for whisker-reinforced composites has been shown to arise from two separate mechanisms frictional bridging of intact whiskers, and pullout of fractured whiskers, both of which are crack-wake phenomena. These bridging processes are shown schematically in Figure 13. The mechanics of whisker bridging have been addressed (52). The appHed stress intensity factor is given by ... [Pg.55]

The fracture behavior of toughened polymers, containing rubber or inorganic fillers, may involve several mechanisms, as schematically illustrated in Fig. 8.1 (Garg and Mai, 1988a). These include ... [Pg.331]

Figure 17. Schematic representation of the three-stage mechanism of toughening in PA6 blends (a) elastic stress concentration, between particles and the for-... Figure 17. Schematic representation of the three-stage mechanism of toughening in PA6 blends (a) elastic stress concentration, between particles and the for-...
Figure 4.7 Schematics of the mechanism of transformation toughening of stabilised zirconia. Top Formation of subcritical micro-cracks around a transformed zirconia grain (left) and deflection of an arriving (critical) crack by the strain field around the transformed grain (right). Bottom A crack penetrating monoclinic zirconia with embedded untransformed tetragonal zirconia (t-Zr02)... Figure 4.7 Schematics of the mechanism of transformation toughening of stabilised zirconia. Top Formation of subcritical micro-cracks around a transformed zirconia grain (left) and deflection of an arriving (critical) crack by the strain field around the transformed grain (right). Bottom A crack penetrating monoclinic zirconia with embedded untransformed tetragonal zirconia (t-Zr02)...
FIGURE 2. a) Schematic showing toughening through crack deflection at the fibei/matrix interface, b) SEM micrograph of fracture surface ofNextel 610/monazite/alumina composite tested at 1200°C showing fiber pullout and c) fracture surface ofNextel 610/alumina composite tested under the same conditions. Absence of crack deflection mechanism led to brittle failure in c). [Pg.381]

Fig. 2.3. Schematic representation of failure mechanisms in rubber toughened adhesives, (a) Shear yielding, b) Crazing (not necessarily applicable to epoxies). Fig. 2.3. Schematic representation of failure mechanisms in rubber toughened adhesives, (a) Shear yielding, b) Crazing (not necessarily applicable to epoxies).
Fig. 9. Schematic presentation of the three-stage mechanism of toughening with multiple initiation of local yield events (eg, crazes as in case C in Fig. 8). Fig. 9. Schematic presentation of the three-stage mechanism of toughening with multiple initiation of local yield events (eg, crazes as in case C in Fig. 8).
Figure 11.9 Mapping of bond cleavage in self-reporting chemiluminescent elastomers that are toughened ty sacrificial bonds, (a) Bis(adamantyl)-1,2-dioxetane breaks under a mechanical force, resulting in chemiluminescence. (b) Intensity-coloured images of polymer networks during crack propagation of notched samples and schematic depiction of bond breaking around the crack tip. SN, DN, TN label elastomers of different molecular architecture ( single network , double network and triple network ). The dashed line indicates the perimeter of the sample. Vertical lines are artefacts of the detector. Figure 11.9 Mapping of bond cleavage in self-reporting chemiluminescent elastomers that are toughened ty sacrificial bonds, (a) Bis(adamantyl)-1,2-dioxetane breaks under a mechanical force, resulting in chemiluminescence. (b) Intensity-coloured images of polymer networks during crack propagation of notched samples and schematic depiction of bond breaking around the crack tip. SN, DN, TN label elastomers of different molecular architecture ( single network , double network and triple network ). The dashed line indicates the perimeter of the sample. Vertical lines are artefacts of the detector.

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