Totarol

Cupressaceae Juniper, Cupressus, Tetraclinis articulata (sandarac) Pimaradienic acids (sandaracopimaric acid), communic acid, totarol... 

Of the Cupressaceae family, sandarac (from Tetraclinis articulata) has frequently been used as a paint varnish. It contains labdane compounds that account for the polymeric fraction of the resin (about 70%) [31]. The main monomeric diterpenoid present is sandaracopimaric acid, together with smaller amounts of 12-acetoxysandaracopimaric acid. Phenols, including totarol, are also present [31]. 

Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.) D. Don Luo Han Song (Southern yew) (stem bark, leaf, root, fruit) Pinene, camphene, cadinene, podocarpene, neocryuptomerin, kaurene, ecdysterone, ponasterone, makisterones, hinokiflavone, sciadopitysin, podocarpus flavones, macrephyllic acid, podototarin, totarol.54 For ringworms, blood disorders, tonic for heart, kidneys, lungs, stomach. 

Appearance of podolactones in the extracts of Podocarpus species along with various derivatives with a totarane skeleton (totarol, 12-... 

Involvement of arene oxides has been suggested in the biosynthesis of a number of natural products like 340 from 338 through intermediate 339.185 Formation of semiperivirol, totarol, ferruginol, and podocarpic acid from... 

Analytical pyrolysis has been proven a very useful tool in the identification of resins used for artistic objects [16,17], The pyrograms of Manila copal, colophony, Venice turpentine, elemi, shellac, dammar, sandarac, and mastic were obtained and used as fingerprints for these materials. Manila copal, colophony, and Venice turpentine were characterized by the presence of a degradation compound from abietic acid (as the source of these resins is from species of Coniferae), probably methyl-isopropylnaphthalene. Elemi has a characteristic peak for elemicine, shellac showed a series of fatty acids, dammar showed the presence of sesquiterpenes (see Section 6.3), sandarac was characterized by a phenolic compound, totarol, and mastic was also identified by specific sesquiterpenes [17]. 

Our work on fluorenones and alkaloids was extended to design convenient, expeditious and stereocontrolled total synthesis of several naturally occuring diterpenoids [55] namely ( )-ferruginol (5), ( )-nimbidiol (6), ( )-nimbiol (7), ( )-totarol (8) and abietatriene (9) (Schemes 4-8) via a concerted mechanism of domino acylation-cycloalkylation/ alkylation-cycloacylation as the principal step to construct the basic carbocyclic framework required for the trans-fused... 

Scheme 7. Total synthesis of ( )-totarol (8) via domino alkylation-cycloacylation.

Totaryl methyl ether (1) is not reduced by lithium in liquid ammonia, but it reacts with this more powerful system to give a mixture of four products. The chief of these is totarol (2), the product of demethylation, not reduction. Three minor products (3,4,5) have lost the oxygen function.4... 

Totarol (102), first isolated from the heartwood of a tree indigenous to New Zealand, Podocarpus totara G. Benn (Podocarpaceae) [158,159], is widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom in various species such as P. nagi (Nagi in Japanese), P. macrophyllus (Southern Yew, Inumaki in... 

Japanese), and Thujopsis dolabrata (Aomori Hiba in Japanese) [160,161]. The antibacterial activity of totarol (102) has been studied [162]. A further detailed study of totarol (102), in combination with antibiotics against MRS A, was also reported [163],... 

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