Total volatile organic halogen

Potable Water Treatment. Treatment of drinking water accounts for about 24% of the total activated carbon used in Hquid-phase apphcations (74). Rivers, lakes, and groundwater from weUs, the most common drinking water sources, are often contaminated with bacteria, vimses, natural vegetation decay products, halogenated materials, and volatile organic compounds. Normal water disinfection and filtration treatment steps remove or destroy the bulk of these materials (75). However, treatment by activated carbon is an important additional step in many plants to remove toxic and other organic materials (76—78) for safety and palatability. 

Researchers believe that the PSVE technology can be used to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs), halogenated volatile organic compounds (HVOCs), and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH). Some chemicals treated with PSVE include carbon tetrachloride, vinyl chloride (VC), chlorobenzene, 1,1-dichloroethane, dichloroethene (DCE), trichloroethane (TCA), and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX). 

Isoflurane is more resistant to biotransformation in man than are other volatile halogenated anaesthetics [201,241,245] although there can be metabolic variations in different animal species [245], An average recovery of95 percent has been obtained in exhaled air, while post-operative urinary excretion of ionic and bound organic fluoride accounted for less than 0.2 per cent of the total fluorine dose [201]. In a separate study of 9 surgical patients, serum inorganic fluoride levels were 4.4 0.4 umol dm 6 h after anaesthesia [241 ]. 

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