TORO studies

N edo E, Bonjoch A Paredes R, Puig J, Clotet B. Ccmprcmised immunolc c recovery in treatment-experienced patients with BTV infection receiving both tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and didanosine in e TORO studies. Clin Irfect Dis Q.O0S) 41,9015. 

The first study to demonstrate the activity of enfuvirtide in HIV-infected patients (Kilby et al. 1998) showed that patients receiving the maximum 100 mg intravenous dose had maximum median declines in HIV-1 RNA of -1.96 logjo copies/mL through 14 days. Several additional studies (Kilby et al. 2002 Lalezari et al. 2003a, b) further demonstrated the safety and efficacy of enfuvirtide and led to the selection of twice-daily subcutaneous injections of a 90 mg nominal dose for testing in the TORO (T-20 vs. optimized regimen only) pivotal clinical trials. 

Data were pooled from the TORO-1 and -2 studies for 48 week efficacy analyses (Nelson et al. 2005). These generally confirmed the 24 week findings and also demonstrated the durability of virological response - in both the enfuvirtide -h OB and OB only groups only about 7% of patients met virological failure criteria between 24 and 48 weeks. 

Ye, R. W., Toro-Suarez, 1., Tiedje, J. M., and Averill, B. A. (1991). H2 0 isotope exchange studies on the mechanism of reduction of nitric oxide and nitrite to nitrous oxide by denitrifying bacteria. J. Biol. Chem. 266, 12848-12851. 

The influence of fluorine substitution on the torsional potential of 1,2-dithioglyoxal has been examined by Toro-Labbd140. However, this study has been carried out at a minimal basis set level, which yields quite poor molecular geometries. This implies that the trends shown for the torsional potentials are only of a qualitative value. The work of Cimiraglia and coworkers141 on variation-perturbation CIPSI calculations of the first excited states of 1,2-dithiete and 1,2-dithiin permits one to rationalize the main features of their electronic absorption spectra. 

The hippocampal expression of several PSD proteins was not significantly altered in schizophrenia, with the exception of a decreased PSD95 transcript expression in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, albeit only when compared with patients with major depression (Ohnuma et al., 2000a Toyooka et al., 2002 Toro and Deakin, 2005 McCullumsmith et al., 2007). Based on these studies, the expression in the hippocampus of the NMDA receptor complex does not appear profoundly affected in schizophrenia, although a few studies have reported modest regional changes of subunit expression (Harrison et al., 2003 Kristiansen et al., 2007). 

An informative paper by Di Toro et al. (1991), on predicting the acute toxicity of Cd and Ni in sediments by assessing the acid volatile suflide (AVS), illustrates that the sediment properties that determine the concentration (activity) of the sediment in the interstitial water determine the fraction of the metal that is bioavailable and potentially toxic. The study of Di Toro et al. is based on measurements of acute toxicity to benthic organisms (amphipodes, oligo-chaetes, and snails). It is shown that this toxicity is essentially related to the free metal ions in solubility equilibrium with the solid metal sulfides present. 

The fact that appreciable amounts (2—lO. S ppm) of PCB remained sorbed on the sludge even after 10 cycles of extraction (see Table 3) su ests that some of the sorhed PCB must be bonded to the sludge more stron y than the rest. This is entirely possible as the surface of the sludge is very heterogeneous. Di Toro and Horzempa [ 3 ] have studied the consequtive desorption of PCB fi om soil samples, using water as the extraction medium. To interpret their results, they postulate that the PCB sorbed on the soil can be divided into 2 categories those sorbed reversibly... 

Toro, A., L Heureux, A., Deslongchamps, P. Transannular Diels-Alder Studies on the Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Chatancin The Pyranophane Approach. Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 2737-2740. 

Other natural PS should be considered for the potential treatment of significant human infections caused by bunyaviruses. The mouse model of Punta Toro virus, a Phlebovirus member of the Bunyaviridae family, is a model for studying the treatment of Rift Valley fever infection. Tragacanthin PS from Astragalus brachycentrus and Astragalus echidnaeformis plants caused reduction in mortality, liver infection scores, liver and spleen virus titers, and serum transaminases in treated mice [131],... 

Costas. Arch. Biochcm. Biophys. 175, 359 (1976). Structure studies E. Toro-Goyco et al., Biochlm. Biophys. Ada 622, 151 (1980). 

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