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J, Barbosa, R. Berges, I, Toro, and V. Sanz-Nebot, TatanlaM, 1271... 

J. Barbosa, D. Barron, J. Cano, E. Jimenez-Lozano, V. Sanz-Nebot, and I. Toro, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 24, 1087 (2001). 

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As is the case with assessments of the toxicity of dissolved trace metals, the development of sediment quality criteria (SQC) must be based on the fraction of sediment-associated metal that is bioavailable. Bulk sediments consist of a variety of phases including sediment solids in the silt and clay size fractions, and sediment pore water. Swartz et al. (1985) demonstrated that the bioavailable fraction of cadmium in sediments is correlated with interstitial water cadmium concentrations. More recent work (e.g., Di Toro et al, 1990 Allen et al., 1993 Hansen et al, 1996 Ankley et ai, 1996, and references therein) has demonstrated that the interstitial water concentrations of a suite of trace metals is regulated by an extractable fraction of iron sulfides. 

The role of iron sulfides in regulating sediment interstitial water concentrations is shown by the following reactions (Di Toro et ai, 1990) ... 

Ankley, G. T., Di Toro, D. M., Hansen, D. M. and Berry, W. J. (1996). Technical basis and proposal for deriving sediment quality criteria for metals. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 15,2056-2066. 

G.I. Cardenas-Jiron, C. Cdrdenas-Lailhacar, A. Toro-Labbe, /. MoL Struct. (Theochem) 1993, 282, 113... 

The first study to demonstrate the activity of enfuvirtide in HIV-infected patients (Kilby et al. 1998) showed that patients receiving the maximum 100 mg intravenous dose had maximum median declines in HIV-1 RNA of -1.96 logjo copies/mL through 14 days. Several additional studies (Kilby et al. 2002 Lalezari et al. 2003a, b) further demonstrated the safety and efficacy of enfuvirtide and led to the selection of twice-daily subcutaneous injections of a 90 mg nominal dose for testing in the TORO (T-20 vs. optimized regimen only) pivotal clinical trials. 

Data were pooled from the TORO-1 and -2 studies for 48 week efficacy analyses (Nelson et al. 2005). These generally confirmed the 24 week findings and also demonstrated the durability of virological response - in both the enfuvirtide -h OB and OB only groups only about 7% of patients met virological failure criteria between 24 and 48 weeks. 

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