Topological polymer

The ring topology is the potential to form unique polymer structures. Like linear polymers, cyclic polymers not only can be branched or cross-linked, but also can form non-covalently linked structures based on their loop topology. These are referred to as topological polymers, including rotaxane, catenane, threaded rings, and rings threaded by network chains. Recently, much attention has been paid to how their particular properties not only differ from linear polymers, but also how they differ from a component of an interlocked polymer system, such as polycatenanes and polyrotaxanes. 

It should be noted that for investigation of the statistical or relaxational properties of solutions of polymers with fixed topology (polymer rings, for instance) the dynamic Monte-Carlo method [53] and its modifications [54] are widely used. These methods do not require the use of any invariants and are closest to the true chain motion. 

The main feature of polymers is their MMD, which is well known and understood today. However, several other properties in which the breadth of distribution are important and influence polymer behavior (see Figure 1) include physical, the classical chain-length distribution chemical, two or more comonomers are incorporated in different fractions topological, polymer architecture may differ (e.g., linear, branched, grafted, cyclic, star or comb-like, and dendritic) structural, comonomer placement may be random, block, alternating, and so on and functional, distribution of chain functions (e.g., all chain ends or only some carry specific groups). Other properties the polymers may disperse (tacticity and crystallite dimensions) are not of the same general interest or cannot be characterized by solution methods. 

Complex polymer topologies, polymer blends, and multicomponent formulations require a different approach to perform a proper molecular characterization. In two-dimensional (2D) chromatography, different separation techniques are used to avoid co-elution of species and to measure molar mass and chemical composition in a truly independent way [5]. 

Dynamic topologies. Polymer aggregates seem most promising for drag reduction applications because both the shear stability, and the performance are improved through supramolecular associations. However, many fundamental questions remain unanswered. How does the strength of the secondary bonds... 

Antagonist groups + J methods Topology Polymer References... 

Urayama, K. Kawamura, T. Kohjiya, S., Structure-Mechanical Property Correlations of Model Siloxane Elastomers with Controlled Network Topology. Polymer 2008, 50, 347-356. 

The above-described compounds may already be considered as natural topological polymers. Synthetic compounds of a similar type (polycatenanes, polyrotaxancs) have as well been described in the literature however, not all the results may be re-... 

Adachi, K. and Tezuka, Y. (2007) Topological polymer chemistry Designing unusual macromolecular architectures. Kobunshi Ronbunshu, 64,709-715. 

Tezuka, Y. (2003) Topological polymer chemistry by electrostatic self-assembly. Journal of Polymer Science Part A Polymer Chemistry, 41,2905-2917. 

Tezuka, Y. (2008) Topological polymer chemistry An insight with Poincare into nonlinear macromolecular constructions. Kobunshi, 57,81-85. 

Tezuka, Y. and Dike, H. (2001) Topological polymer chemistry Systematic classification of nonlinear polymer topologies. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 123,11570-11576. 

Tezuka, Y. (2005) Topological polymer chemistry by dynamic selection from electrostatic polymer self-assembly. The Chemical Record, 5,17-26. 

The structures described include those previously discussed elsewhere (miktoarm stars, combs, grafts, rings, dendritic, hyperbranched and arborescent), as well as newly synthesized complex architectures (multicyclic, hydrogen-bonded complex architectures, structures from living alkene polymerization, ADMET and polyhomologation, as well as topological polymer chemistry). 

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