Tool-tips

Titanium siUcides are used in the preparation of abrasion- and heat-resistant refractories. Compositions based on mixtures of Ti Si, TiC, and diamond have been claimed to make wear-resistant cutting-tool tips (157). Titanium siUcide can be used as an electric—resistant material, in electrically conducting ceramics (158), and in pressure-sensitive elastic resistors, the electric resistance of which varies with pressure (159). 

The performance of a tool material in a given appHcation is dictated by its response to conditions at the tool tip. High temperatures and stresses can cause blunting from the plastic deformation of the tool tip, whereas high stresses alone may lead to catastrophic fracture. In addition to plastic deformation and fracture, the service life of cutting tools is deterrnined by a number of wear processes, some of which are shown in Figure 2. 

Built-up Edge. At relatively low speeds in metal-cutting operations, the tool tip does not get hot enough for crater wear to be significant. Under these conditions the metal may, however, become welded to the tool tip as built-up edge (Fig. 2c). 

Tungstic acid is then roasted to WO3 which is reduced to the metal by heating with hydrogen at 850°C. Half of the tungsten produced is used as the carbide, WC, which is extremely hard and wear-resistant and so ideal as a tool-tip. Other... 

Figure 52.12 Heat is generated both by deformation of workpiece material and by the friction of the chip across the tool tip. A cutting fluid acts as a lubricant to reduce frictional heat and simultaneously cools the whole cutting zone...

A standard IPT Type B tooling was used with a f " round flat tool tip. Tablets were made one at a time, and the compression force as well as the upper punch displacement and lower punch displacement were recorded. Tablet weight, thickness, and breaking hardness were measured for each tablet. 

Molecule visualization adheres to the standard conventions for depicting molecules in chemistry by providing the usual display modes for molecules, using the standard colors for elements and so on. Additionally, it can optionally show context-related information in tool-tips (similar to additional information in user interfaces), and also provide means to interact with the molecule. 

Tool-tips provide additional information on atoms, bonds and chemical features and allow the user to measure angles and distances (Fig. 6.7). Tool-tips are semi-transparent, two-dimensional labels that are overlaid over the molecular image and point to the object for which they provide information. 

Fig. 6.7 Examples of different types of tool-tips for atoms, angles and distances.

With the vacuum switched OFF, shake the vacuum tool tips into clean 18.2 mQ water. Discard water, refill trough and switch the vacuum on. Place filter tips into trough until all water has been removed (approx 30 s). 

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