Tomographic analysis

The WAG process has been used extensively in the field, particularly in supercritical CO2 injection, with considerable success (22,157,158). However, a method to further reduce the viscosity of injected gas or supercritical fluid is desired. One means of increasing the viscosity of CO2 is through the use of supercritical C02-soluble polymers and other additives (159). The use of surfactants to form low mobihty foams or supercritical CO2 dispersions within the formation has received more attention (160—162). Foam has also been used to reduce mobihty of hydrocarbon gases and nitrogen. The behavior of foam in porous media has been the subject of extensive study (4). X-ray computerized tomographic analysis of core floods indicate that addition of 500 ppm of an alcohol ethoxyglycerylsulfonate increased volumetric sweep efficiency substantially over that obtained in a WAG process (156). 

Farde L, Nordstrom AL, Wiesel FA, et al. Positron emission tomographic analysis of central D and D2 dopamine receptor occupancy in patients treated with classical neuroleptics and clozapine. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992 49 538-544. 

Fischman AJ, Bonab AA, Babich JW, et al. Positron emission tomographic analysis of receptor occupancy in healthy volunteers treated with the novel antipsychotic agent, ziprasidone. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1996 279 939-947. 

Lemola K, Sneider M, Desjardins B, et al. Computed tomographic analysis of the anatomy of the left atrium and the esophagus implications for left atrial catheter ablation. Circulation 2004 110 3655-60. 

Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Lab shown in Figure 17.10. The problem with conventional X-ray sources is the drastic reduction in beam intensity when time-resolved measurements are required. Using tomographic analysis, three-dimensional reconstruction of the dynamics of the spray can be obtained (Cai et al. 2003). 

The ability to examine whole cells that is emerging with tomographic analysis is bringing the dream of understanding the dynamics of cells in terms of the function and localisation of proteins, their complexes and their relationship to organelles a step closer. Proteomics and systems biology are here with electron microscopy. 

Fig. 25 (A) TEM image from the tilt series used to reconstruct the volume of a silica helix. (B) Examples of longitudinal (left) and transversal (right) slices extracted from the reconstruction, taken at equidistant distances. (C and D) 3D models obtained by the tomographic analysis of the silica helix and silica-gold nanohybrid (10 nm) structure, respectively. Reprinted with permission from Oda et Copyright 2012 American Chemical Society.

FIGURE 40.27 Mass spectrum from a P-doped Ge nanowire as obtained by atom probe. Reprinted from Perea, D.E., Wijaya, E., Lensch-Falk, IL., Hemesath, E.R., Lauhon, L.I (2008) Tomographic analysis of dilute impurities in semiconductor nanostructures./owmal of Solid State Chemistry, 181(1), 1642-1649. Copyright (2008), with permission from Elsevier. 

Hillman BJ, Drach GW, Tracey P, Gaines JA (1984) Computed tomographic analysis of renal calculi. AJR Am J Roentgenol 142 549-552... 

Figure 8 Experimental apparatus for measurement of FT-IR absorption spectra through flames. The system Is designed to minimize the amount of flame emission which reaches the interferometer. The burner is mounted on a translating stage X and Z axes) to allow for tomographic analysis.

McNesby KL, Daniel RG and Miziolek AW (1995) Tomographic analysis of CO absorption in a low-pressure flame. Applied Optics 34 3318-3324. 

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