Tolerance, mutual

Host and parasite have coevolved over millions of years and exist in mutual tolerance, disease only being apparent when the balance is upset by the host being exposed to unusually high parasite burdens at times when immunocompetence is diminished by age, physiological state, disease or nutritional status. The host immune response is multifaceted and it is... 

Clearly, many questions remain. If NO is an intermediate in GTN-mediated relaxation, then the enzyme(s) involved in GTN-NO conversion are not identified with certainty. Moreover, several hypotheses, not necessarily mutually exclusive, compete to explain the phenomenon of tolerance. Finally, it is plausibly argued that pharmacologically relevant concentrations of GTN activate the sGC/GK-1 system by some yet unidentified mechanism that does not involve NO. There is still much scope for study. 

In conclusion, the mutual interaction of Tregs and APCs enables Tregs to sustain their immunosuppressive function(s), which may be crucial for the maintenance of peripheral tolerance in healthy individuals. Since MO and DCs bridge the innate and the acquired immune system, this crosstalk with MO and DCs permits Tregs to gain influence on the iimate immune system. Furthermore, the impact on APCs offers Tregs to expand their suppression beyond the mere interaction with effector T cells. 

The point is to use safe and rational drug combinations that exploit expected pharmacological and molecular synergies while even promoting mutual tolerabilities. Each of the combinations in Figure 7—44 is used clinically and has helped some patients but not others. Unfortunately, little scientific documentation of this empirical usefulness of such rational combinations is yet available, but many studies... 

We can easily predict that cascade and sequential catalytic reactions will be the subject of important investigations not only by promoting the cooperation of several metal catalysts but also by organizing the tolerance and the cooperative work of metal and organo catalysts, and of metal and enzyme catalysts. This will be possible through a deep understanding of the mechanisms of each catalytic system, so as to organize their mutual tolerance. 

Plants that defend themselves effectively constitute an ecological niche almost devoid of herbivores and pathogens. It is not surprising that during evolution a number of organisms evolved which have specialized on a particular host plant species and found ways to tolerate, or even to exploit, the defense chemistry of their hosts 4,10-22). As compared to the huge number of potential enemies, the number of adapted specialists is usually small, and in general a status quo or equilibrium can be observed between the specialists (or parasites) and their hosts. A specialist is not well advised to kill its host, since this would destroy its own resources a mutualism is more productive for survival. 

West SA, Kiers ET, Simms EL, Denison RF. Sanctions and mutualism stability when should less beneficial mutuaUsts be tolerated J. Evol. Biol. 2002 269 685-694. 

Free llowing. flexible and built on inisi and commitment. Cixtd will is assumed. Diversity is valued. Mutual cnctiuragement and natural empowerment prevails. Internal competition is minimized. Keeentrieity is tolerated. 

Performing multiple reactions simultaneously in a single step offers possibilities for reduced waste and increased safety as well as manipulation of equilibria. This approach was inspired by the action of enzymes, which constitute interesting examples of multifunctional catalysts as they can promote multi-step reactions. In fact, enzymes immobilize mutually incompatible functional groups in a manner that maintains their independent functionality and, as such, are able to carry out multi-step reaction sequences with functionalities that would not be tolerated together in solution. 

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