Tobacco-related illness

Billion Money lost or spent due to tobacco related illnesses or disease. 

Seeking a credit for a purported economic benefit from early death is akin to robbing the graves of Mississippi smokers who died from tobacco-related illness. No court of law or equity should entertain such a defense or counterclaim. It is offensive to human decency, an affront to justice, uncharacteristic of civilized society, and unquestionably contrary to public policy. 

Cancers only account for about half of the smoking-related deaths. Smoking is a major cause of bronchitis, emphysema, heart disease, and stroke. Tobacco is associated with female reproductive health, increases in miscarriage rates, early delivery, stillbirth, infant death, and low birth rate. It is estimated that 9 million Americans suffer from tobacco-related illnesses at any given time. ... 

It is estimated that about 1 billion people will die of tobacco-related illnesses in the twenty-first century and that a substantial proportion of these deaths will result from tobacco-induced cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular diseases associated with tobacco use include 48 49 ... 

There are about 1.3 billion smokers worldwide, a staggering number, to which the United States contributes 60 million. Among them, the majority wants to and has tried to quit. Because tobacco-related illnesses are the second leading cause of death (after heart disease), there is a tremendous need for new therapies. A new concept in this vein is the... 

There was a significant drop in life expectancy, particularly for men, which in the Russian Federation in 2003 stood at an average of 65 (just 59 years for men). However, the main causes of death in the Chernobyl-affected region are the same as those nationwide - cardiovascular diseases, injuries and poisonings - rather than any radiation-related illnesses. The most pressing health concerns for the affected areas thus lie in poor diet and lifestyle factors such as alcohol and tobacco use, as well as poverty and limited access to primary health care. ... 

Postmortem (Benwell et al. 1988 Breese et al. 1997) and laboratory (Yates et al. 1995) studies demonstrate that smokers have widespread upregulation of nAChRs, likely related to desensitization of these receptors from nicotine exposure. Many animal studies also demonstrate upregulation of nAChRs in response to chronic nicotine administration (e.g., Pauly et al. 1996 Shoaib et al. 1997 Zhang et al. 2002). Thus, nAChRs are a natural target for tracer development in the pursuit of a greater understanding of tobacco dependence and other illnesses with abnormal nAChR levels. 

Nicotine and the other ingredients in tobacco have been cited as causing a variety of fatal illnesses. A study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 1991 listed the causes of death related to smoking with annual death toll as follows (cardiovascular) heart disease, 150,000 stroke, 26,000 other, 24,000 (cancer) lung, 112,000 other, 31,000 (non-malignant pulmonary disease) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 62,000 other, including pneumonia and influenza, 21,000 for a total of 426,000 fatalities a year directly attributable to tobacco. Further, the CDC points out that tobacco is also responsible for an annual... 

Kaburaki, Y, H. Shigematsn, Y. Mikami, and H. Kusakabe Smdies on the composition of tobacco smoke. XL Relation between vapor phase components and constituents of tobacco (2) Sci. Papers, Cent. Res. Inst., Japan Monopoly Corp. Ill (1969) 143-149. Kaburaki, Y, H. Shigematsn, Y. Yamashita, and H. Kusakabe Studies on the composition of tobacco smoke. XV. Volatile compounds from the neutral fraction of tobacco smoke condensate Agr. Biol. Chem. Japan 35 (1971) 1741-1750. 

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