Toba

Toba M, Kubo R and Saito N 1992 Statistical Physics I. Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics (New York Springer)... 

Mizumura S, Nakagawara J, Takahashi M, Kumita S, Cho K, Nakajo H, Toba M, KumazaM T. Three-dimensional display in staging hemodynamic brain ischemia for jet study objective evaluation using see analysis and 3d-ssp display. Ann Nucl Med 2004 18 13-21. 

TSUCHIDA K, MizusHiMA s, TOBA M, SODA K (1999) Dietary soybeans intake and bone mineral density among 995 middle-aged women in Yokohama. J Epidemiol 9, 14-19. 

Akishita M, Ouchi Y, Miyoshi H, Kozaki K, Inoue S, Ishikawa M, Eto M, Toba K, Orimo H (1997) Estrogen inhibits cuff-induced intimal thickening of rat femoral artery effects on migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Atherosclerosis 130 1-10... 

Toba K, Kishi J, Koike T, Winton EE, Takahashi H, et al. 1996. Profile of cell cycle in hematopoietic malignancy by DNA/RNA quantitation using 7AAD/PY. Exp Hematol 24 894-901. 

Xue, M., Chitrakar, R., Sakane, K., Hirotsu, T., Ooi, K., Yoshimura, Y., Toba, M., and Feng, Q. (2005) Preparation of cerium-loaded Y-zeolites for removal of organic sulfur compounds from hydrodesulfurizated gasoline and diesel oil. J. Colloid Interface Set, 298, 535. 

BK Pradhan, T Toba, T Kyotani, A Tomita. Chem Mater 10 2510, 1998,... 

Toba, T. Yoshioka, E. Itoh, T. Lett. Appl Microbiol, 1991, 72, pp228. 

Prior to this shift, settled cultivators were few in both the lower Peninsula and lowland Sumatra. The main populations of cultivators who would later be classified Malay were in Kelantan and Patani, and appear to have called themselves by these place names or even more local ones. Their Siamese overlords distinguished them where necessary as Khek. In Sumatra, around 90 per cent of the population south of Aceh was in the highlands, and identified themselves by the lake (Toba, Ranau, Kerinci), river valley or locality around which they lived. When Muslim traders, rulers and diplomats of the hybrid lowland centres later thought of as Malay needed very broad labels to distinguish themselves from Arabs, Europeans, Chinese and other outsiders they would use... 

For many centuries the Bataks perceived no collective identity, as each lineage and valley was separately organised. They spoke a wide spectrum of local dialects, comprehensible to those in adjacent valleys but not to those further away. The northern Batak dialects (today s Karo and Dairi) were part of a different and mutually incomprehensible language family from the southern (today s Toba, Mandailing and Angkola), with Simalungun another intermediate category. Those Bataks who identified most closely with the states of the coast, Aceh in the north or Deli,... 

The next serious challenger to that integrity was Christianity. After some abortive forays by British and American Protestants in the early nineteenth century, a systematic mission to the Toba Batak was inaugurated by Ludwig Nommensen (1834-1918) and his colleagues of the German Rhenisch mission in 1862. He laboured particularly to have a Batak New Testament published as the first significant work in a... 

The Rhenisch mission to the Toba Batak succeeded in part because as a German body it was conceptually separate from Dutch colonialism, and indeed preceded colonial control in the Toba Batak heartland. Between 1860 and 1900 the majority of Toba Bataks accepted Christianity, in a form which centred around the printed Batak versions of the Augsburg Confession and the Bible. Although there were areas of great tension between Batakness and Christianity, the second generation of Christians was able to conceive the uniform style of worship, belief and church governance developed by the Rhenisch mission as a part of the Batak identity, and the language used by the mission as a classic form of Batak expression. In 1927 the mission was reconstituted as a Batak church, the HKBP. 

The missionaries initially hoped that their printed Bible would unite the Bataks as Luther s had the Germans, despite the mutual unintelligibility of some Batak languages. This succeeded, however, only for those we now call Toba Batak, to the west and south of Lake Toba in North Tapanuli. Distinct Simalungun and Karo Batak identities were determined by a very different language (in the Karo case), and by the... 

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