Titanium ductility

Titanium alloys should be melted and cast under carefully controlled and optimum conditions. The higher elongation values of titanium castings reflect the superior ductihty of titanium. Ductile clasp arms of titanium castings can withstand relatively large bending adjustments without fracture. 

Titanium, when pure, is a lustrous, white metal. It has a low density, good strength, is easily fabricated, and has excellent corrosion resistance. It is ductile only when it is free of oxygen. The metal, which burns in air, is the only element that burns in nitrogen. 

The hydrogen effect on ductility and the flow stress will be considered first on the example of non-alloyed titanium. The Ti - H phase diagram is given in Fig. 1, and Fig. 2 shows the temperature dependence of ductility of Ti-a H alloys, A , for several X values. Tensile tests were run at a rate e 10" s . Ductility of the commercial... 

The a — 0 transformation has a large hysteresis in hydrogenated titanium alloys, and different thermal treatments change their phase content. Various degrees of metastability due to hysteresis are implicit for the alloys after different thermal treatments. Metastable phases undergo transformation to a more equilibrium state during deformation, which can effect the flow of the alloy. Below we consider the effect of the thermal pre-strain treatment on ductility on the strength of the Ti-6A1-2Zr-1.5V-lMo-rH alloys. ... 

Hydrogen alloying increases ductility of titanium alloys by 10 to 45 times at moderate temperatures of 400 to 750 C. 

Hydrostatic pressure considerably increases workability of hydrogenated titanium alloys. Thus, their ductility at 20-250 C exceeds that of the hydrogen-free alloys in the pressure range of 10 kbar. 

Plates are pressed from stainless steel, titanium, HasteT loy or any material ductile enough to be formed into a pressing. The specious design of the trough pattern strengthens the plates, increases the effective heat transfer area and produces turbulence in the liquid flow between plates. Plates are pressed in materials between 0.5 and... 

Tantalum-Titanium Bishop examined the corrosion resistance of this alloy system in hydrochloric, sulphuric, phosphoric and oxalic acids and found that alloys containing up to about 50% titanium retained much of the superlative corrosion resistance of tantalum. Under more severe conditions, a titanium content of below 30% appears advisable from the standpoint of both corrosion resistance and hydrogen embrittlement, although contacting or alloying the material with noble metals greatly decreases the latter type of attack. Tantalum-titanium alloys cost less than tantalum because titanium is much cheaper than tantalum, and because the alloys are appreciably lower in density. These alloys are amenable to hot and cold work and appear to have sufficient ductility to allow fabrication. 

The high affinity between the two elements results in a ductile, strong and selfrepairing oxide layer, and it is this layer that gives the titanium its unique performance. Titanium is a reactive metal and without the oxide layer it would simply dissolve in water. 

End plates and ports to be PVDF-lined ductile cast iron. Gaskets to be Viton for agent and Viton GF for energetics. Electrodes to be platinized titanium, pinhole-free, to a thickness of 5 micrometers for the anodes and 2.5 micrometers for the cathodes. 

Agent same as anolyte circuit. Energetics piping to be PFA-lined carbon steel pumps to be titanium valves to be PFA-lined ductile cast iron agitators to be PTFE-coated stainless steel seals and gaskets to be Kalrez, PTFE, or PTFE-clad. Heat exchangers to be 304L stainless steel. Catholyte evaporator to be Inconel 690/625 hydrocyclones to be titanium. 

As the first element in group 4, titanium has characteristics similar to those of the other members of this group Zr, Hf, and Rf. Titanium is a shiny, gray, malleable, and ductile metal capable of being worked into various forms and drawn into wires. 

Yttrium also finds application in titanium alloys where at concentrations of the order of 200 ppm it improves the ductility and ease of fabrication of vacuum arc-melted alloys. It is also used to improve the strength of magnesium castings and when used in combination with zirconium, as little as 100 ppm yttrium increases the conductivity of aluminium transmission lines by as much as 50%. 

Titanium is a silvery, ductile metal with important industrial uses because it is less dense than iron, much stronger than aluminum and almost as corrosion resistant as platinum. Although it is unlikely ever to be as inexpensive as steel, its rare combination of properties make it ideal for a variety of uses, particularly in engines, aircraft frames, some marine equipment, in industrial plants and in laboratory equipment. Certain properties may be improved by alloying it with aluminum. 

Laser Hardening and Modification. Lasers are used to surface harden ductile steels and improve the toughness to a depth of 0.35 min or more. Lasers can also be used to bond solid or powder coatings to a surface. Typical coalings are nickel or titanium carbide on iron, and nickel, cobalt, manganese, and titanium carbide. TiC. on aluminum. I1 sc of lasers with other specialized coating methods is common. 

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