Titanium dioxide suppliers

Rutile (TiOj) can be prepared in the form of single crystals by the Vemeuil (flame fusion) technique. Slightly reduced rutile is an n-type semiconductor with an energy gap of 3.05 eV and electron mobilities of -1.0 cmWs at room temperature. TITANIUM DIOXIDE SUPPLIERS ALFA AESAR, A JOHNSON M AITHEY COMPANY 30 Bond St. 

Coextruded film adhesion problem [6]. Poor adhesion of PE film was due to silicone oil added by the titanium dioxide supplier to improve flow and reduce agglomeration of the pigment. Adhesion is reduced significantly even with a trace of contaminant like silicone oil. Extraction of the film yielded the oil, identified by IR. 

Protection layers between the titanium metal and the electrocatalytic coating, for example, of substoichiometric titanium oxides (see Ebonex above), increase the stability by shielding the metal, for example, to avoid the formation of insulating titanium dioxide layers on the metal [35]. The preparation of such electrodes with optimal properties usually needs the special know-how of commercial suppliers. 

U.S. production of titanium dioxide in 1993 was 1.16 x 106 t, an increase of about 2.2% over 1992 (15). The annual production increased on an average of 5.4% in the 1980s (16). There are approximately 50 wodd producers of titanium dioxide pigments. The wodd s leading suppliers are Du Pont ( 24% woddwide share), Tioxide (the U.K. Co. owned by ICI), and SCM Corp. Other producers include Kerr McGee, Tiwest, Kemira Oy, Kronos, and Bayer AG (see Titanium compounds, inorganic). 

Materials. The titanium dioxide powders were rutile in structure (obtained from the Titanium Division, National Lead Co., Amboy, N. J.), with nominal specific surface areas of 10 and of 100 sq. meters per gram. Chemical analysis by the supplier showed negligible impurities except for 0.8% sodium oxide in the Ti02-100 and traces of iron in both the TiO2-10 and the TiO2-100. The presence of iron was confirmed by the nature of the decay of the neutron irradiation—induced radioactivities. 

Judging from CERs produced within the chemicals sector, some of the chemicals companies are already actively following the above guidehnes. A good example is provided by the Tioxide Group, which is a supplier of titanium dioxide pigment to the paper industry. 

Also by 1930 a second producer of anatase titanium dioxide had entered the industry and both suppliers became extremely active in the study of white hiding power—which they of course recognized as the strongest selling point for titanium pigments. 

The spheres are moderately alkaline and prolonged exposure may irritate the respiratory tract. In dusty environments, it is recommended to use a NIOSH-approved mask or respirator. Safety data sheets are available from suppliers. Hollow spheres also produce opacity and whiteness, allowing titanium dioxide to be replaced. Weight reductions of 20-25% can be achieved compared with mineral-filled polymers. 

An important use in flexible PVC is in roofing. Such compounds typically are formulated either with titanium dioxide or fine-particle carbon black (e.g., ASTM grade N110) for UV light absorption. Performance fife is improved by addition of 0.3-0.5 phr of a polymeric HALS such as listed above. Clear flexible sheet, as in pond or swimming pool liners, should use a combination of 0.2-0.3 phr each of a benzotriazole and a polymeric HALS. In FDA applications, use is again restricted to a maximum of 0.25 phr of Tinuvin P or chemical equivalent. Note that suppliers literature should be checked for new approvals. 

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