Titaniferous materials

Conventional (SulfiM ) Process. Raw material is either an ilmenite (FeTiO ) concentrate from benefidation of naturally occurring ilmenite or a slag obtained from ilmenite by electrosmelting and tapping off the major part of the iron as pig iron for further use. The titaniferous material is digested with concentrated sulfuric acid, leading to a solution of sulfates of most of the metals contained in the ore, e.g. ... 

Chloride Process. The chloride process (see Fig. 79) was developed and commercialized as an alternative to the sulfate process. The processing of titaniferous raw materials (ilmenite, slag, or rutile) occurs via the metal chlorides, by using chlorine as reactant and carbon as a reducing reagent, e.g. ... 

Lehle K, Li J, Zunmermann H, Hartmann B, Wehner D, Schmid T, et al. In vitro endothelialization and platelet adhesion on titaniferous upgraded polyether and polycarbonate polyurethanes. Materials 2014 7(2) 623-36. 

A second very important source of titanium is the titaniferous slag produced by pyrometallurgical processing of ilmenite-containing iron ores, titanomagnetites and titanohematites. This slag can contain up to 95% TiO. The biggest producers of this type of titanium material are South Africa and Canada. 

Chinuka An electrochemical process for making titanium metal directly from a titaniferous raw material such as rutile. The rutile is mixed with carbon and heated to above 1400°C in a vacuum, producing titanium oxycar-bide. This is electrorefined using a molten sodium/potassium chloride eutectic as the electrolyte. Developed by D. Fray and S. Jiao in Cambridge, United Kingdom. Licensed to White Mountain Titanium Corp, Chinuka... 

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