Tire body plies

Cross section of a tire body ply with controlled depth of partial cross-linking. 1, reinforcing cord fabric 2, skim coat 3, partially cross-linked skim coat by electron beam 4, building tack preserved 5, bleed cord. 

Cross-section of a tire body ply with controlled depth of partial cross-linking... 

The carcass or body ply of the tire is made up of fabric yams, typically of steel, nylon, rayon, or polyester, twisted into parallel weft-less cord layers known as plies. These plies are loaded with NR-based compound loaded with adhesion promoters to generate a bond between the cord surface and other tire components. 

Silica. The main uses of silica are in the treads of off-the-road tires for improved chunking and tear resistance and as a component of the bonding system for brass and zinc-plated steel cord. These are commonly used in radial passenger and truck tire belt skim stock. In addition the body plies of steel radial truck tires, hoses and belts, and footwear use significant volumes of silica as a reinforcing filler. 

The compounded rubber stock will be further processed for use. The process could be injection or transfer molding into a hot mold where it is cured. Tire curing bladders are made in this fashion. Extrusion of the rubber stock is used to make hose or tire treads and sidewalls. Another common process is calendaring, in which a fabric is passed through rolls where rubber is squeezed into the fabric to make fabric-reinforced rubber sheets for roofing membranes or body plies for tires. The actual construction of the final product can be quite complex. For example, a tire contains many different rubber components some of which are cord or fabric reinforced. All of... 

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