Time Stretch effect

Dilution also tends to extend the lifetime for the prompt decay. For a discussion of dilution from a time-dependent point of view (the so-called time stretch), see Refs. 3a and 3d. The overall effect of dilution is to cause a more uniform distribution of the lifetimes, so that the shorter lifetimes are longer and the very long lifetimes are shorter. In other words, dilution and trapping, which are due to different terms in the effective Hamiltonian, have an essentially opposite effect. 

The physical properties of barrier dressings were evaluated using the Seiko Model DMS 210 Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer Instrument (see Fig. 2.45). Referring to Fig. 2.46, dynamic mechanical analysis consists of oscillating (1 Hz) tensile force of a material in an environmentally (37°C) controlled chamber (see Fig. 2.47) to measure loss modulus (E") and stored modulus (E ). Many materials including polymers and tissue are viscoelastic, meaning that they deform (stretch or pull) with applied force and return to their original shape with time. The effect is a function of the viscous property (E") within the material that resists deformation and the elastic property (E )... 

When a new scan size is actuated with a piezo scanner (e.g. 60 pm), the piezo will further stretch (to 61.8 pm) over time. This effect causes an apparent bending of rows at the beginning of an SPM image. Hence, to avoid piezo creep in an image, the measurement should be restarted after the first 20% of the imaged area, when a new scan range has been selected. 

On decreasing the content of the fast PI component in blends with PtBS, both the segmental relaxation and the NM have an increase in nonexponentiality (more stretched) and relaxation time. The effects increase with decrease of temperature. Observed at constant NM relaxation time equal to tr 3.2 x 10 s is an increase in separation between the NM time tr and segmental a-relaxation time of PI on decreasing the concentration of PI in the blends. This nontrivial relation between the two processes deserves an explanation. 

In an atmosphere containing ozone, stretched samples of unsaturated elastomers develop surface cracks that grow in length and depth until they eventually sever the test piece. Even when they are quite small, they can cause a serious reduction in strength and fatigue life. Quite small concentrations of ozone will induce cracking, given sufficient time. The effect is so sensitive, in fact, that it is the basis for an ozone detection system (Mott and Roland, 1999). 

Pitch Shift and, especially. Time Stretch are special plug-ins that are not usually found in a traditional studio effects chain. These definitely should be the first effect in a chain. 

IVR in tlie example of the CH clnomophore in CHF is thus at the origin of a redistribution process which is, despite its coherent nature, of a statistical character. In CHD, the dynamics after excitation of the stretching manifold reveals a less complete redistribution process in the same time interval [97]. The reason for this is a smaller effective coupling constant between the Fenni modes of CHD (by a factor of four) when... 

When the friction coefficient is set to zero, HyperChem performs regular molecular dynamics, and one should use a time step that is appropriate for a molecular dynamics run. With larger values of the friction coefficient, larger time steps can be used. This is because the solution to the Langevin equation in effect separates the motions of the atoms into two time scales the short-time (fast) motions, like bond stretches, which are approximated, and longtime (slow) motions, such as torsional motions, which are accurately evaluated. As one increases the friction coefficient, the short-time motions become more approximate, and thus it is less important to have a small timestep. 

According to the namre of the empirical potential energy function, described in Chapter 2, different motions can take place on different time scales, e.g., bond stretching and bond angle bending vs. dihedral angle librations and non-bond interactions. Multiple time step (MTS) methods [38-40,42] allow one to use different integration time steps in the same simulation so as to treat the time development of the slow and fast movements most effectively. 

Compared with the bonding groups (mol%) to aromatic ring of PS, the degree of acylation was observed when MA was used. These results was obtained by determination of kinetic parameters of PS with MA and AA under the same reaction conditions. As shown in Table 5, if the initial rate (Wo) and rate constant (K) of the acylation reaction between MA and AA are compared, the MA is almost 10-14 times higher than AA in the presence of BF3-OEt2 catalyst. This fact is due to the stretching structure of MA and the effect of the catalyst. 

The load or stress has another effect on the creep behavior of most plastics. The volume of isotropic or amorphous plastic increases as it is stretched unless it has a Poisson ratio of 0.50. At least part of this increase in volume manifests itself as an increase in free volume and a simultaneous decrease in viscosity. This decrease in turn shifts the retardation times to being shorter. 

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