Hartree-Fock time-dependent

The time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) method has a lengthy history as a technique for calculating the electronic excitation energies and transition moments of molecular systems. There are two ways to formulate TDHF theory that look quite different but are in fact equivalent. The formulation used below 

A nice development of the theory is given in a book by McWeeny, which shows that the assumption of a single determinant form for leads to the time-dependent Hartree-Fock equations 

In this section, F refers to the Fock matrix, and the electric field is denoted by E. 

Sekino and Bartlett extended this method to the computation of properties to any order, with explicit results for p and y. Kama and Dupuis followed with a similar procedure, which incorporated the 2 + 1 rule for more efficient calculations of p and y. The essential feature of these techniques is expansion of the quantities in terms of the time-dependent perturbation + +1), followed by collection of terms at each order to produce a series 

Following Sekino and Bartlett, the F matrix can be expanded in terms of X as 

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In this minimal END approximation, the electronic basis functions are centered on the average nuclear positions, which are dynamical variables. In the limit of classical nuclei, these are conventional basis functions used in moleculai electronic structure theoiy, and they follow the dynamically changing nuclear positions. As can be seen from the equations of motion discussed above the evolution of the nuclear positions and momenta is governed by Newton-like equations with Hellman-Feynman forces, while the electronic dynamical variables are complex molecular orbital coefficients that follow equations that look like those of the time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) approximation [24]. The coupling terms in the dynamical metric are the well-known nonadiabatic terms due to the fact that the basis moves with the dynamically changing nuclear positions. 

K. Goeke and P.-G. Reinhard, Time-Dependent Hartree-Fock and Beyond, Lecture Notes in Physics, Vol. 171 (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1982). 

RPA, and CPHF. Time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDFIF) is the Flartree-Fock approximation for the time-dependent Schrodinger equation. CPFIF stands for coupled perturbed Flartree-Fock. The random-phase approximation (RPA) is also an equivalent formulation. There have also been time-dependent MCSCF formulations using the time-dependent gauge invariant approach (TDGI) that is equivalent to multiconfiguration RPA. All of the time-dependent methods go to the static calculation results in the v = 0 limit. 

TDHF (time-dependent Hartree-Fock) ah initio method used for computing nonlinear optical properties... 

The time-dependent Hartree-Fock theory was first discussed by Dirac (1930b) and subsequently in perturbative form by Dalgamo and Victor (1966). Its relationship to time-dependent perturbation theory has been discussed by Langhoff, Epstein and Karplus (1972). 

The simplest polarization propagator corresponds to choosing an HF reference and including only the h2 operator, known as the Random Phase Approximation (RPA). For the static case oj = 0) the resulting equations are identical to those obtained from a Time-Dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) analysis or Coupled Hartree-Fock approach, discussed in Section 10.5. 

As a consequence, field methods, which consist of computing the energy or dipole moment of the system for external electric field of different amplitudes and then evaluating their first, second derivatives with respect to the field amplitude numerically, cannot be applied. Similarly, procedures such as the coupled-perturbed Hartree-Fock (CPHF) or time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) approaches which determine the first-order response of the density matrix with respect to the perturbation cannot be applied due to the breakdown of periodicity. 

The metric term Eq. (2.8) is important for all cases in which the manifold M has non-zero curvature and is thus nonlinear, e.g. in the cases of Time-Dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) and Time-Dependent Multi-Configurational Self-Consistent Field (TDMCSCF) c culations. In such situations the metric tensor varies from point to point and has a nontrivial effect on the time evolution. It plays the role of a time-dependent force (somewhat like the location-dependent gravitational force which arises in general relativity from the curvature of space-time). In the case of flat i.e. linear manifolds, as are found in Time-Dependent Configuration Interaction (TDCI) calculations, the metric is constant and does not have a significant effect on the dynamics. 

Lagrangian as a functional -(v,v). Note however that unlike functionals used in the Time-dependent Hartree Fock approximation (14), this Lagrangian is not complex analytic in the variables (v,v) separately. 

To properly describe electronic rearrangement and its dependence on both nuclear positions and velocities, it is necessary to develop a time-dependent theory of the electronic dynamics in molecular systems. A very useful approximation in this regard is the time-dependent Hartree-Fock approximation (34). Its combination with the eikonal treatment has been called the Eik/TDHF approximation, and has been implemented for ion-atom collisions.(21, 35-37) Approximations can be systematically developed from time-dependent variational principles.(38-41) These can be stated for wavefunctions and lead to differential equations for time-dependent parameters present in trial wavefunctions. 

The density amplitudes can usually be calculated more efficiently than the density operator because they depend on only one set of variables in a given representation although there are cases, such as shown below for the time-dependent Hartree-Fock density operator, where the advantages disappear and it is convenient to calculate the density operator. Expectation values of operators A t) follow from the trace over the density operator, as... 

The eikonal/time-dependent Hartree Fock approximation and extensions. 

Approximations have been reviewed in the case of short deBroglie wavelengths for the nuclei to derive coupled quantal-semiclassical computational procedures, by choosing different types of many-electron wavefunctions. Time-dependent Hartree-Fock and time-dependent multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock formulations are possible, and lead to the Eik/TDHF and Eik/TDMCHF approximations, respectively. More generally, these can be considered special cases of an Eik/TDDM approach, in terms of a general density matrix for many-electron systems. 

Time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) approximation. See also Multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree (MCTDH) method... 

Within the theoretical framework of time-dependent Hartree-Fock theory, Suzuki has proposed an initial-value representation for a spin-coherent state propagator [286]. When we adopt a two-level system with quantum Hamiltonian H, this propagator reads... 

Currently the time dependent DFT methods are becoming popular among the workers in the area of molecular modelling of TMCs. A comprehensive review of this area is recently given by renown workers in this field [116]. From this review one can clearly see [117] that the equations used for the density evolution in time are formally equivalent to those known in the time dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) theory [118-120] or in its equivalent - the random phase approximation (RPA) both well known for more than three quarters of a century (more recent references can be found in [36,121,122]). This allows to use the analysis performed for one of these equivalent theories to understand the features of others. 

An approach briefly presented here is based on a combination of the eikonal (or short wavelength) approximation for nuclei, and time-dependent Hartree-Fock states for the many-electron system, in what we have called the Eikonal/ TDHF approach.[13] A similar description can be obtained with narrow wavepackets for the nuclear motions. Several other approaches have recently been proposed for doing first principles dynamics, a very active area of current research. [39, 11, 15]... 

D. P. Santry, J. Chem. Phys., 70, 1008 (1979). The Singular Points of Frequency-Dependent Polarizabilities from the Time-Dependent Hartree-Fock Theory. 

Approximate solutions of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation can be obtained by using Frenkel variational principle within the PCM theoretical framework [17]. The restriction to a one-determinant wavefunction with orbital expansion over a finite atomic basis set leads to the following time-dependent Hartree-Fock or Kohn-Sham equation ... 

TDDFRT presented in this section is also applied within the time-dependent hybrid approach. It parallels the corresponding approach in DFT and it combines TDDFRT with the time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) theory [10, 54]. Instead of a pure DFT xc potential vxca, the hybrid approach employs for the orbital (j)i(y in (7) an admixture of an approximate potential vxca with the exchange Hartree-Fock potential vxja for this orbital... 

McLachlan, A.D. and Ball, M.A. (1964). Time-dependent Hartree-Fock theory for... 

Time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) theory... 

The time-dependent Hartree-Fock equation is expressed formally by... 

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