Tilt distribution

Figure 5. Contours of several diffraction maxima the (2,1,3), (1,0,4), and (3,2,2) before (a,c,e) and after (b,d,f) corrections and background removal. Smoothing by cubic splines is performed during contouring. Note the nonuniformity of fiber tilt distribution appears in the corrected maxima.

The application of an electric field results in a change of the tilt and twist distribution within the cell. Figure 3 shows calculated curves of the tilt and twist distribution as a function of the reduced distance z/d through the layer, with 0reduced voltage Vth [17]. The change of tilt is strongest in the middle of the cell and changes from the value of the pretilt in the unactivated state to a maximum value of 90° in the fully activated state. The tilt distribution is symmetrical around the cell cen-... 

The refractograp of figure 4 shows highly oriented micro cracks of a polystyrene sample. The orientation of the cracks is perpendicular to the mechanical strain direction. The X-ray refracted intensitiy can be interpreted as crack density, i.e. the inner surfaces within a unit volume. Changing the tilt angle (of polystyrene and polystyrene blend samples) with respect to the primary beam leads to significantly different distributions of crack orientation (Fig. 5). 

Tilting-Disk Check Valves These valves (Fig. 10-160) may be installed in a horizontal line or in hnes in which the flow is vertically upward. The pivot point is located so that the distribution of pressure in the fluid handled speeds the closing but arrests slamming. Compared with swing checkvalves of the same size, pressure drop is less at low velocities but greater at high velocities. 

Perforated sheets are, however, much more vulnerable to uneven pressure distributions and tilted inflow of air, as illustrated in Fig, 8,26. The supply air entering horizontally alxive the perforated sheet partly maintains its horizontal velocity component when being discharged through the holes in the perforated sheet. Thus, it leaves the perforated sheet at an angle less than 90°. The suction between the small outflowing jets also makes the airflow stick to the perforated sheet and flow along the sheet instead of perpendicular to (t. 

FIGURE 8.26 The outflow from perforated sheets is vulnerable to tilted inflow and to uneven pressure distribution. 

When insulin is in a suspension (this can be seen when looking at a vial that has been untouched for about 1 hour), the nurse gently rotates the vial between the palms of the hands and tilts it gently end-to-end immediately before withdrawing the insulin. This ensures even distribution of the suspended particles. Care is taken not to shake the insulin vigorously. 

Figure 2. (a) The tilt phase screen, (b) the resulting intensity distribution in the measurement... 

The curvature sensor first proposed by Roddier (Roddier, 1988), does not make measurements at the focal plane. Instead measurements are taken at two planes symmetrically distributed around the focal plane as shown in Fig. 10. These measurements are best thought of as blurred images of the aperture and consequently our ability to measure the tilt is affected since as we move from the focal plane the hght is spread over a wider angle. Consequently we would expect the tilt signal to degrade as we move away from the aperture. This can be formalized by the CRLB and Fig. 11 shows the best attainable tilt performance (Marcos, 2002). 

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