Thromboembolic phenomena

The use of prosthetic devices in the circulation or in contact with blood extracorporeally is seriously limited by thromboembolic phenomena that occur at the blood-foreign material inter-... 

A 39-year-old pregnant female requires heparin for thromboembolic phenomena What is the mechanism of action of heparin ... 

This drug promotes the synthesis of factors II, VII, IX, and X and may interfere with the effect of warfarin or may result in thromboembolic phenomena... 

UTIs, vaginitis, anemia, thromboembolic phenomena, and leukopenia occur rarely. 

These drugs are contraindicated in patients with thrombophlebitis, thromboembolic phenomena, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders or a past history of these conditions. They should not be used to treat vaginal bleeding when the cause is unknown. They should be avoided in patients with known or suspected tumors of the breast or other estrogen-dependent neoplasms. Since these preparations have caused aggravation of preexisting disorders, they should be avoided or used with caution in patients with liver disease, asthma, eczema, migraine, diabetes, hypertension, optic neuritis, retrobulbar neuritis, or convulsive disorders. 

Understanding of the role of platelets, platelet activation and consumption in diseases characterized by thromboembolic phenomena or thrombocytopenia (Baldini and Myers 1980 Letter et al. 1986 International Committee for Standardization in Hematology 1988 Vallabhajosula et al. 1986) as well as in vascular disorders or endothelial (surface) abnormalities (Baldini and Myers 1980 Vallabhajosula et al. 1986 Harker et al. 1977)... 

We believe that heparin has demonstrated clinically in these pilot efforts its ability to produce immediate relief in acute allergic, infectious, and inflammatory states. We believed too that this is accomplished through the neutralization of the endogenously released histamine and not because of the appearance of thromboembolic phenomena as postulated by others. ... 

Thromboembolic phenomena, including thrombophlebitis and pulmonary embolism, have occurred on rare occasions. Nausea, vomiting, edema, breakthrough bleeding, dyspnea, tumor flare (with or without hypercalcemia), hyperglycemia, alopecia, carpal tunnel syndrome, and rash have been reported. 

The relatively high incidence of thromboembolic phenomena in women on the pill prompted an examination on the effects of the estrogenic and/or progesteronic components in the pill on the surface charge characteristics of the vascular system. Electrophoretic mobilities of erythrocytes and platelets and blood coagulation times were determined with samples of blood drawn from 33 women on the pill and 30 control subjects. The electrophoretic mobilities were reduced thrombin recalcification times were not affected but thrombin times and partial thromboplastin times were shortened. 

AH of these are apparently for short durations under normal circumstances. They are examples of the adaptations affecting the structure and function of the body. However, dysfunction occurs when there is either persistence past the point of usefulness, inappropriate activation, a reflex loop pattern or any combination. The activation of any portion can be primary, secondary, or tertiary. The body responds to stress with vasoconstriction of all of the arteries as a means of shunting blood to the muscles. A normal reaction by the coronary vessels is to dilate, not because of an apparent paradoxical effect or receptor difference, but because the sympathetic stimulation increases the inotropic and chronotropic effects on the heart. The increased pressure, because of the rate and force of contraction, typically results in greater capacitance and perfusion of the heart itself. Partial or total occlusion by atherosclerosis or thromboembolic phenomena results in ischemia and possible infarction. The resultant pain and pressure contributes to... 

---