Progesterone components

The relatively high incidence of thromboembolic phenomena in women on the pill prompted an examination on the effects of the estrogenic and/or progesteronic components in the pill on the surface charge characteristics of the vascular system. Electrophoretic mobilities of erythrocytes and platelets and blood coagulation times were determined with samples of blood drawn from 33 women on the pill and 30 control subjects. The electrophoretic mobilities were reduced thrombin recalcification times were not affected but thrombin times and partial thromboplastin times were shortened. 

Extracts of corpora lutea were known ia the early tweatieth ceatury to inhibit ovulatioa ia animals. Pure progesterone (3), the active component of the extracts, was isolated ia 1934 and its stmcture reported (15). Several problems limited its use and drove efforts to develop progesterone analogues, ie, it was available only ia small quantities from animal sources, was not orally active, and was discovered to cause androgenic side effects. 

The two-component lipid models were also characterized in the absence of sink conditions (Table 7.8). Comparisons between models 7.0 (Table 7.7) and 1.0 (Table 7.5) suggest that negative charge in the absence of sink causes the permeabilities of many of the bases to decrease. Exceptions are quinine, prazosin, primaquine, ranitidine, and especially metoprolol. The inclusion of 0.6% PA causes Pe of metoprolol to increase nearly 10-fold, to a value twice that of propranolol, a more lipophilic molecule than metoprolol (based on the octanol-water scale). Naproxen and ketoprofen become notably more permeable in the two-component system. Surprisingly, the neutral progesterone becomes significantly less permeable in this system. 

Fig. 17. Chromatographic confirmation of the imprinting effect. Applying (top) polymer ( anti-1 MIP ) imprinted with 11-a-hydroxyprogesterone ( T ),and (bottom) polymer ( anti-9 MIP ) imprinted with 11-deoxycortisol ( 9 ). Component 4 progesterone. Reprinted with permission from Ye L, Yu Y, Mosbach K (2001) Analyst 126 (Advance Article). Copyright 2001 The Royal Society of Chemistry... 

Ethynodiol diacetate Synthetic progestogen Component of many combined oral contraceptives. Progesterone replacement therapy... 

The synthesis of adrenal steroids is illustrated in Fig. 5.3.1. Cortisol, corticosterone, and aldosterone are formed by sequential hydroxylations and oxidoreductions from pregnenolone and progesterone. 17a-Hydroxypregnenolone (17HP) is a branchpoint constituent because it can be converted to cortisol or adrenal androgens. All of the components of this pathway can be quantified by MS/MS. The steroids around the periphery are urinary metabolites and these are measured by GC-MS following hydrolysis of conjugates and derivatization. 

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