Threshold fixed

Thermal detector Senses when temperatures exceed a set threshold (fixed temperature detector) or when the rate of change of temperature increases over a fixed time period (rate-of-rise detector). 

Residuals V2 and r, when they are negative, highlight essentially the fact that the measurement of the substrate concentration S in the reactor exits out of its lower and upper estimated bounds, and respectively. Thus, in order to determine the presence of a fault, it is simply enough to check the sign of T2 and rs whereas ri is compared with a threshold fixed by the... 

The smoke point corresponds to the maximum possible flame height (without smoke formation) from a standardized lamp (NF M 07-028). The values commonly obtained are between 10 and 40 mm and the specifications for TRO fix a minimum threshold of 25 mm. The smoke point is directly linked to the chemical structure of the fuel it is high, therefore satisfactory, for the linear paraffins, lower for branched paraffins and much lower still for naphthenes and aromatics. 

This knowledge is also important in order to determine if air tests conducted by OSHA compliance officers are valid. For example, if threshold limit value in the health standard is an 8-hour time-weighted average, the air sample should be obtained by sampling over the entire shift in the employee s breathing zone. It cannot be measured by a few short term samples, even if spaced over the full shift unless the worker is in a relatively fixed location with no variation in his work procedure or in the process. Such an event is generally the exception rather than the rule. 

As shown in Fig. 4.9, these studies provide evidence that the breakdown was characterized by a fixed threshold stress of 11 GPa and a fixed threshold field of 2.8 X 10 Vm Once the threshold stress is exceeded, the conduction is controlled by the field and is independent of the stress. The threshold field is in reasonable agreement with the field of 7 x 10 V m below which a recovery from breakdown is observed when the field decreases due to the... 

Theorem 5 [goles87a] If the synaptic-weight matrix A is symmetric, and the number of sites in the lattice is finite, then the orbits of the generalized threshold rule (equation 5.121) are either fixed points or cycles of period two. 

Although it is certainly not immediately obvious from the rule itself, it turns out that, just as is the case for generalized threshold rules, the only possible asymptotic states of finite symmetric muib -threshold rules are either fixed points or cycles of period two [golesQO]. Unlike their binary brethren, however, multi-threshold rules possess some intriguing additional properties. 

In the case of the threshold rules defined in this section, we must consider sequential iterations of deterministic rules. Also, the choice of spins that may change state is not random but is fixed by some random permutation of the sites on the lattice. Such rules may be shown to correspond to spin glasses in the zero-temperature limit. 

On the basis of the above data it has been hypothesized that the conductivity of PFCM is due not to the contact between the filler particles but the current passes across the thin (less than 1 -2 microns) polymer interlayers. The conductivity arises when a spontaneous pressure exceeding the threshold value develops in the material. The overstresses apparently arise as a result of PP crystallization in the very narrow gaps between the filler particles [312], Since crystallization must strongly affect the macromolecular conformation whereas the narrowness of the gap and fixed position of molecules on the filler prevent it, the heat released in the process of crystallization must, in part, be spent to overcome this hindrance, whereby a local high pressure may arise in the gap. This effect is possible only where there are gaps of the size comparable with that of macromolecules. The small gap thickness will also hamper pressure relaxation, since the rate of flow from such a narrow clearance should be negligibly small. 

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