Three schematic representation

Figure Al.6.10. (a) Schematic representation of the three potential energy surfaces of ICN in the Zewail experiments, (b) Theoretical quantum mechanical simulations for the reaction ICN ICN [I--------------...

We have seen (Section I) that there are two types of loops that are phase inverting upon completing a round hip an i one and an ip one. A schematic representation of these loops is shown in Figure 10. The other two options, p and i p loops do not contain a conical intersection. Let us assume that A is the reactant, B the desired product, and C the third anchor. In an ip loop, any one of the three reaction may be the phase-inverting one, including the B C one. Thus, the A B reaction may be phase preserving, and still B may be attainable by a photochemical reaction. This is in apparent contradiction with predictions based on the Woodward-Hoffmann rules (see Section Vni). The different options are summarized in Figure 11. 

Fig. 2. Schematic representation of the orientational distribution function f 6) for three classes of condensed media that are composed of elongated molecules A, soHd phase, where /(0) is highly peaked about an angle (here, 0 = 0°) which is restricted by the lattice B, isotropic fluid, where aU. orientations are equally probable and C, Hquid crystal, where orientational order of the soHd has not melted completely.

Fig. 1. Schematic representation of basic silicate stmctures (a) modes of linkage of SiO tetrahedra (b) the corresponding bonding patterns and (c) stmctural formulas (3). The Si atoms that appear to be joined to only three O atoms are joined to a fourth also, which is above the plane of the diagram.

Fig. 2. Ocusert ocular therapeutic system. The Ocusert system releases pilocarpine at a controUed rate to treat glaucoma. In this schematic representation, the three disks and the ring are shown two-dimension ally. The patient inserts the Ocusert system under the eyeUd, where it releases pilocarpine for seven...

Fig. 3. Mechanisms for polymer degradation. The illustration is a schematic representation of three degradation mechanisms I, cleavage of cross-links II, hydrolysis, ionisa tion, or protonation of pendent groups III, backbone cleavage. Actual biodegradation may be a combination of these mechanisms.

Figure 6 A schematic representation of two clustering methods, m which each point represents a single molecular conformation and the circles are the similarity cutoff distances used to define the clusters, (a) Three clusters are defined when overlapping clusters are grouped together, (h) Five clusters are defined when the overlaps are removed from one of the overlapping clusters.

Figure 3.6 Four-helix bundles frequently occur as domains in a proteins. The arrangement of the a helices is such that adjacent helices in the amino acid sequence are also adjacent in the three-dimensional structure. Some side chains from all four helices are buried in the middle of the bundle, where they form a hydrophobic core, (a) Schematic representation of the path of the polypeptide chain in a four-helrx-bundle domain. Red cylinders are a helices, (b) Schematic view of a projection down the bundle axis. Large circles represent the main chain of the a helices small circles are side chains. Green circles are the buried hydrophobic side chains red circles are side chains that are exposed on the surface of the bundle, which are mainly hydrophilic.

Figure 5.11 Schematic representation of the three laws of comminution. B, Bond, K, Kick, R, Rittinger...

Figure 15.47 Schematic representation of the three geometric isomers of N3S3CIF2O3. The three isomers of the monofluoro derivative are similar but with Cl and F interchanged.

Figure 2.12 Schematic representation of an on-line SPE-GC system consisting of three switching valves (VI-V3), two pumps (a solvent-delivery unit (SDU) pump and a syringe pump) and a GC system equipped with a solvent-vapour exit (SVE), an MS instrument detector, a retention gap, a retaining precolumn and an analytical column. Reprinted from Journal of Chromatography, AIIS, A. J. H. Eouter et al, Analysis of microcontaminants in aqueous samples hy fully automated on-line solid-phase extraction-gas chromatography-mass selective detection , pp. 67-83, copyright 1996, with permission from Elsevier Science.

A schematic representation of emergence is given in figure 12.6, which depicts the first three levels of a dynamical hierarchy and the rules or laws describing their behavior. The first, or lowest, level might be thought of as the level on which a CA system is usually defined. It consists of the lattice sites and values that define the microscopic dynamics. 

Fig. 12.6. Schematic representation of the first three levels of a dynamical hierarchy, or, to use Baas term ([baas94] see below), hyperstructure. Level-1 is described by microscopic rules level-2 by second-order rules and so on.

Caspases. Figure 2 Caspase activating complexes. Schematic representation of all described long prodomain caspase activation complexes. Each complex contains essentially three functionally different building blocks a sensor/platform, an adaptor and an effector in the form of a particular caspase. Some instigating ligands, possible outcomes and regulatory proteins are indicated. 

Increasing the temperature increases the vapor pressures and moves the liquid and vapor curves to higher pressure. This effect can best be seen by referring to Figure 8.14, which is a schematic three-dimensional representation for a binary system that obeys Raoult s law, of the relationship between pressure, plotted as the ordinate, mole fraction plotted as abscissa, and temperature plotted as the third dimension perpendicular to the page. The liquid and vapor lines shown in Figure 8.13 in two dimensions (with Tconstant)... 

Fig. 10. Mode of packing of right- (/ ) and left-handed (L) helices in the a form of i-PP, viewed along the c axis. The triangles are schematic representations of the three-fold helices, with the methyl groups projecting at the vertices.

TABLE 2.14 Schematic Representation of Three Main Categories of Liquid Crystalline Polymers (LCPs)... 

We start by considering a schematic representation of a porous metal film deposited on a solid electrolyte, e.g., on Y203-stabilized-Zr02 (Fig. 5.17). The catalyst surface is divided in two distinct parts One part, with a surface area AE is in contact with the electrolyte. The other with a surface area Aq is not in contact with the electrolyte. It constitutes the gas-exposed, i.e., catalytically active film surface area. Catalytic reactions take place on this surface only. In the subsequent discussion we will use the subscripts E (for electrolyte) and G (for gas), respectively, to denote these two distinct parts of the catalyst film surface. Regions E and G are separated by the three-phase-boundaries (tpb) where electrocatalytic reactions take place. Since, as previously discussed, electrocatalytic reactions can also take place to, usually,a minor extent on region E, one may consider the tpb to be part of region E as well. It will become apparent below that the essence of NEMCA is the following One uses electrochemistry (i.e. a slow electrocatalytic reaction) to alter the electronic properties of the metal-solid electrolyte interface E. 

Fig. 1 Heterocycles bearing a 2-pyridone moiety with wide range of medicinal applications. Amrinone WIN 40680 1 is a cardiotonic agent for the treatment of heart failure. ZAR-NESTRA 2 is a selective farnesyl protein inhibitor and NP048 3 is a pilicide with novel antibacterial properties. The 2-pyridones 4, 5 and 6 are schematic representations of the three categories of 2-pyridones that wiU be covered in this chapter i.e., substituted 2-pyridones 4, 2-quinolones 5 and other ring-fused 2-pyridones 6...

Fig. 1. (a) Schematic representation of the three types of anoxygenic ([1] and [2]) and oxygenic ([3]) photosynthesis found in plants and bacteria, (b) Phylogenetic tree based on 16S-rRNA sequence comparisons featuring only photo synthetic phyla. 

Figure 1. Schematic representation of the three-stage process.

Figure 39-13. A schematic representation of the three-dimensional structure of Cro protein and its binding to DNA by its helix-turn-helix motif. The Cro monomer consists of three antiparallel p sheets (P1-P3) and three a-helices (a,-a3).The helix-turn-helix motif is formed because the aj and U2 helices are held at about 90 degrees to each other by a turn offour amino acids. The helix of Cro is the DNA recognition surface (shaded). Two monomers associate through the antiparallel P3 sheets to form a dimer that has a twofold axis of symmetry (right). A Cro dimer binds to DNA through its helices, each of which contacts about 5 bp on the same surface of the major groove. The distance between comparable points on the two DNA a-helices is 34 A, which is the distance required for one complete turn of the double helix. (Courtesy of B Mathews.)...

Figure 48-3. Schematic representation of fibronectin. Seven functional domains of fibronectin are represented two different types of domain for heparin, cell-binding, and fibrin are shown. The domains are composed of various combinations of three structural motifs (I, II, and III), not depicted in the figure. Also not shown is the fact that fibronectin is a dimer joined by disulfide bridges near the carboxyl terminals of the monomers. The approximate location of the RGD sequence of fibronectin, which interacts with a variety of fibronectin integrin receptors on cell surfaces, is indicated by the arrow. (Redrawn after Yamada KM Adhesive recognition sequences.

Figure 49-3. Schematic representation of the thin fiiament, showing the spatiai configuration of its three major protein components actin, myosin, and tropomyosin. The upper panei shows individual molecules of G-actin. The middle panel shows actin monomers assembled into F-actin. Individual molecules of tropomyosin (two strands wound around one another) and of troponin (made up of its three subunits) are also shown. The lower panel shows the assembled thin filament, consisting of F-actin, tropomyosin, and the three subunits of troponin (TpC, Tpl, andTpT).

Fig. 17 (a) Molecular arrangement of 2,5-DSP and l OEt in the molecular complex (2,5-DSP l OEt). (b) Schematic representation of the photoproduct of the molecular complex (2,5-DSP l OEt). Black and white rods represent single polymer chain of poly-2,5-DSP and poly-1 OEt, respectively. Three arrows represent the direction of the a-, b-, and c-axes of the original complex before irradiation. 

Scheme 1. Schematic representations of a [2]rotaxane, a [2]pseudorotaxane, and one-, two-and three-dimensional polyrotaxanes...

Fig 3 An extremely simplified and schematic representation of how three broad classes of polymer are arranged in the onion cell wall (taken from McCann and Roberts 1991 (4)). Although simplistic, the sizes and spacings of the polymers are based on direct measurements of native walls (1) and are drawn to scale. Scale bar represents 50nm. 

Fig. 9.2 Schematic representation of the three basic experiments useful for the determination of (A) transient NOE experiment, (B) 2D NOESY and (C) 2D ROESY. The gray-filled half-circle represents a frequency-selective inversion pulse which inverts the spin to which the cross-relaxation...

FIG. 3 A schematic representation of the variation of the dielectric constant e and water density p(H20) in the water medium (bulk) and three zones of lipid bilayers. 

Fig. 4.1. Schematic representation of three numbered steps in a MC simulation on a high coordination lattice (solid arrows) that replace a simulation of the fully atomistic system in continuous space (single dashed line)...

Fig. 4 Schematic representation of the molecular organisation in three common columnar...

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