Thorium -sulfate

Oxo Ion Salts. Salts of 0x0 ions, eg, nitrate, sulfate, perchlorate, hydroxide, iodate, phosphate, and oxalate, are readily obtained from aqueous solution. Thorium nitrate is readily formed by dissolution of thorium hydroxide in nitric acid from which, depending on the pH of solution, crystalline Th(N02)4 5H20 [33088-17 ] or Th(N02)4 4H20 [33088-16-3] can be obtained (23). Thorium nitrate is very soluble in water and in a host of oxygen-containing organic solvents, including alcohols, ethers, esters, and ketones. Hydrated thorium sulfate, Th(S0 2 H20, where n = 9, 8, 6, or 4, is... 

Kj/K2 v 7) and suggests Zielen s interpretation is correct in the thorium sulfate system. The increasing K1/K2 ratio for U1 " " (a<15) Np + (A/24), and Pu + (a,25) is consistent with our interpretation of the existence of the complex AnSOitHSO. Why this species should become increasingly important with increasing atomic number is not understood. 

Thorium metal, 24 759-761 in alloys, 24 760-761 preparation of, 24 759-760 properties of, 24 760-761 reactions of, 24 761 Thorium nitrate, 24 757, 766 Thorium oxalates, 24 768-769 Thorium oxide, 21 491 Thorium oxides, 24 757, 761-762 Thorium oxyhalides, 24 762 Thorium perchlorate, 24 764 Thorium phosphates, 24 765-766 Thorium pnictides, 24 761 Thorium sulfate, 24 764 Thorium-uranium fuel cycle, 24 758-759 Thorocene, 24 772 Thorotrast, 24 775-776 3A zeolite. See Zeolite 3A Three-boiling beet sugar crystallization scheme, 23 463-465 Three-color photography, 19 233-234 3D models, advantages of, 19 520-521 3D physical design software, 19 519-521 3D QSAR models, 10 333. See also QSAR analysis... 

Thorium sulfate, being less soluble than rare earth metals sulfates, can be separated by fractional crystallization. Usually, solvent extraction methods are applied to obtain high purity thorium and for separation from rare earths. In many solvent extraction processes, an aqueous solution of tributyl phosphate is the extraction solvent of choice. 

Th(S04)2 (c). Beck1 reported the improbably low value of 22.5 for the heat of reaction of solid thorium sulfate with aqueous sodium hydroxide. From his data, Beck derived in some unstated manner the value 115.5 for the heat of the reaction of Th02 (c) with 2 S03 (g). These values yield, for Th(S04)2 (c), Qf=526.9 and 596 respectively. We have estimated the value 632. 

Thorium sulfate. In [HN(CH2)6NH]2[Th2(S04)<,(H20)2]-2H20, XVIII,13 two crystallographically distinct metal-oxygen polyhedra are capped by four sulfate ions in Q2 connectivity to form the Th2S4 unit. The Th(2)09 polyhedra share edges with the S(2)04 tetrahedra to form a sinusoidal chain along the... 

Riese (1982) measured and TL-modeled the adsorption of Ra and Th by quartz and kaolinite in the presence of Ca-Ra competition and thorium-sulfate complexing. Some of his results are shown in Figs. 10.21,10.22, and 10.23, which are drawn in terms of log dissolved concentration versus pH. This plotting approach provides much more information at the low concentrations typical of natural waters than does a plot of percent adsorbed. 

Thorium salts have a, bactericidal and antitoxic action, as is shown by experiments with guinea pigs. Ten pigs which had received twice the lethal dose of cholera survived when treated with thorium or lanthanum salts, while the control pigs not so treated died within 30-36 hours.1 A solution containing 0.5-1.0 gram of thorium sulfate per liter is as toxic to lower organisms and ferments as mercuric chloride.2... 

The sulfite, Th(S02)2 H20, is prepared by warming a mixture of thorium sulfate and sulfurous acid. It is soluble in solutions of the alkali sulfites from which basic double sulfites separate on standing. 

Uranous sulfate is not known in the anhydrous condition, but hydrates containing 2, 4, 8, and 9 molecules of water are easily prepared. Of these hydrates all except the dihydrate are isomorphous with corresponding hydrates of thorium sulfate. The octohydrate of uranous sulfate is the most common, it being formed by adding alcohol to a solution of U80, in dilute sulfuric acid. 

Although anhydrous thorium sulfate dissolves in water at 0°C to the extent of 20 w/o, the solution is metastable and deposits hydrates on standing. Stable solutions at higher temperature require the presence of free sulfuric acid, as in solutions used to leach thorium minerals. Sec. 

MAY/OWE] Mayer, S. W., Owens, B. B., Rutherford, T. H., Serrins, R. B., High-temperature free energy, entropy, enthalpy and heat capacity of thorium sulfate, J. Phys. Chem., 4, (1960), 911-914. Cited on pages 276, 277, 278, 467. 

Habash, J., Smith, A. J., Structure of thorium sulfate octahydrate,... 

Thorium sulfate tetrahydrate [10381-37-0] M 496.2, m 42"(loses H2O), d 4 2.8. Crystallise it from water. The solubility of the decahydrate increases with increase in temperature, whereas the solubility of the tetrahydrate decreases with increase of temperature. 

Data from the literature on the solubility of thorium sulfate at low temperatures both alone and in the presence of other solutes [20] indicate that such solutions will probably not be satisfactory at elevated temperatures. 

Fig. 4-12. Effect of thorium sulfate on hindered settling rates of oxide slurries.

The effect of thorium sulfate additions on the high-temperature sedimentation properties of a thoria slurry (250 g Th/kg H2O) composed of spherical agglomerates approximately 15 microns in average size is shown in... 

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