Thomson studies

W. N. Hartley 57 found the alkali chlorides in the oxyhydrogen blowpipe flame give lines of elements with a more or less continuous spectrum believed to be due to the respective metals. Lithium chloride, however, gives no continuous spectrum. G. P. Thomson studied the anode rays from lithium chloride and other alkali halides. 

Dunkin and Thomson studied the photochemistry of tert-butyl azide (4) in an Ng matrix at 12 K. Using IR spectroscopy, they detected the formation of only one product — imine 5. 

Birch, A. J., C. Djerassi, J. D. Dutcher, J. Majer, D. Perlman, E. Pride, R. W. Rickards, and P. J. Thomson Studies in relation to biosynthesis. Part XXXV. Macrolide antibiotics. Part XII. Methymycin. J. Chem. Soc. 1964, 5574. Blindenbacher, F., u. T. Reichstein Synthese der L-Oleandrose. Desoxyzucker, 21. Mitt. Helv. Chim. Acta 31, 2061 (1948). 

The principles that underlie mass spectrometry pre-date all of the other instrumental techniques described in this book. The fundamental principles date to the late 1890s when J. J. Thomson determined the mass-to-charge ratio of the electron, and Wien studied magnetic deflection of anode rays and determined the rays were positively charged. Each man was honored with the Nobel Prize (Thomson in 1906 and Wien in 1911) for their efforts. In 1912-1913, J. J. Thomson studied the mass spectra of atmospheric gases and used a mass spectrum to demonstrate the existence of neon-22 in a sample of neon-20, thereby establishing that elements could have isotopes. The earhest mass spectrometer, as we know it today, was built by A. J. Dempster in 1918. However, the method of mass spectrometry did not come into common use until about 50 years ago, when inexpensive and reliable instruments became available. 

R. C. Muirhead-Thomson, Studies on Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles melas in and around Lagos, Bulletin of Entomological Research, 38 (4), 527, 1947. 

During a study of azonitrones (70), Forrester and Thomson showed that reaction with toluene-p-sulfinic acid resulted in nitrogen evolution and formation of the hydroxamic acid (66) together with the pyrrolidone (71) and the amidine (72). These workers suggested the following reaction course. Although the yield of hydroxamic acid was high, the method is not likely to be of preparative value. 

Seebeck s outstanding scientific achievement was the discovei"y of one of the three classical thermoelectric effects, which are the Seebeck, the Peltier, and the Thomson effects. Seebeck s discovery was the first, dating from 1822—1823, followed by that of Jean-Charles-Athanase Peltier in 1832 and that of William Thomson in 1854. Seebeck obseiwed that an electric current in a closed circuit comprised different metallic components if he heated the junctions of the components to different temperatures. He noted that the effect increases linearly with the applied temperature difference and that it crucially depends on the choice of materials. Seebeck tested most of the available metallic materials for thermoelectricity. His studies were further systematized by the French physicist... 

Thomson Throughout this chapter, there are opportunities for online self-study, linking you to interactive tutorials based on your level of understanding. Sign in at www.thomsonedu.com to view organic chemistry tutorials and simulations, develop problem-solving skills, and test your knowledge with these interactive self-study... 

Thomson V Throughout this chapter, sign in at www.thomsonedu.com for online self-study and interactive tutorials based on your level of understanding. 

The origin of electronic configuration Is frequently and inaccurately attributed to Niels Bohr, who introduced quantum theory to tire study of the atom. But Bohr essentially tidied up Thomson s pre-quantum configurations and took advantage of a more accurate knowledge erf the number of electrons each of the elements actually possessed. Furtlrer developments in quantum theory, including Pauli s occlusion principle and Schrodjtiger s equation. 

---