Thiocarbamate herbicide molinate

Metabolism of the Thiocarbamate Herbicide Molinate (Ordram) in Japanese Carp... 

Barreiros L, Nogales B, Manaia CM, Ferrerira ACS, Pieper DH, Reis MA, Nnnes OC. (2003). A novel pathway for mineralization of the thiocarbamate herbicide molinate by defined bacterial mixed culture. Environmental Microbiology 5(10) 944-953. 

Molinate is a selective thiocarbamate herbicide used to control broad-leaf and grassy plants primarily in rice production. Molinate is available in granular and emulsifiable liquid formulations. Recently, US manufacturers of molinate have requested voluntary cancellation of all uses of molinate by 2009. 

Modification of the Toxicity of Pesticides with Formulation Additives. Potentially the use of additives to modulate the toxicity of pesticides could lead to a considerable increase in their safety to non-target species, man included. This concept has been well explored and exploited in adding safeners to certain herbicides such as the thiocarbamates. These compounds stimulate defensive metabolic reactions in the crop species but not in weeds This principle has also been applied to vertebrates, but only to a very limited degree. Under some circumstances the thiocarbamate rice herbicide, molinate, may show toxicity to carp in nearby ponds. Based on a knowledge of the safeners that are active in plants, a compound was discovered that, when applied with molinate, acted as an antidote/safener for the carp (20). Little effort, either theoretical or empirical, seems to have gone into developing other such examples. 

Immunochemical methods are rapidly gaining acceptance as analytical techniques for pesticide residue analysis. Unlike most quantitative methods for measuring pesticides, they are simple, rapid, precise, cost effective, and adaptable to laboratory or field situations. The technique centers around the development of an antibody for the pesticide or environmental contaminant of interest. The work hinges on the synthesis of a hapten which contains the functional groups necessary for recognition by the antibody. Once this aspect is complete, immunochemical detection methods may take many forms. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is one form that has been found useful in residue applications. This technique will be illustrated by examples from this laboratory, particularly molinate, a thiocarbamate herbicide used in rice culture. Immunoassay development will be traced from hapten synthesis to validation and field testing of the final assay. 

Recently a new concept was bom in extending the weed control activity of the thiocarbamate herbicides (Miaullis et al.. 1982). In vitro experiments have shown that the persistence of EPTC and molinate may be extended by addition of a known thiophosphoms ester (code number R-33 865) to the formulation. 

Thiocarbamate herbicide mixtures containing eptam, pebulate, and cycloate thiobencarb, molinate, pebulate, and vemolate or pebulate and vemolate were separated by concomitant adsoiption and partition TLC because of the close values. Silufol UV254 plates were developed by hexane-ether (3 1) for adsorption and an acetone-water (6 4) mixture for partition TLC where the plates were impregnated with vaseline oil (91). 

Molinate Thiocarbamate 2212-67-1 2.49 1964, USA Herbicide A herbicide used to control germinating broad-leaved and grassy weeds... 

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