Herbicides molinate

Metabolism of the Thiocarbamate Herbicide Molinate (Ordram) in Japanese Carp... 

The fate of the herbicide, molinate, in Japanese carp, (Cyprinus carpio) var. Yamato koi, was investigated. [Ring-1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Cjmolinate was applied to the water at... 

Although the herbicide, molinate (S-ethyl hexahydro-111-azepine-l-carbothioate), does not absorb appreciable sunlight UV energy, its vapor still was photooxidized by atmospheric ozone (Figure 8) (30). We, and others, have observed the same phenomenon with a number of other non-absorbing chemicals such as... 

The method was also successfully applied to the reaction of 1-chloroethyl-5-ethyl thiocarbonate to give thiocar-bamates, for example the herbicide Molinate as depicted in scheme 149. 

Lay, M.M. and J.J. Menn. Mercapturic acid occurrence in fish bile. A terminal product of metabolism of the herbicide molinate. Xenobiotica 9 669-673, 1979. 

Modification of the Toxicity of Pesticides with Formulation Additives. Potentially the use of additives to modulate the toxicity of pesticides could lead to a considerable increase in their safety to non-target species, man included. This concept has been well explored and exploited in adding safeners to certain herbicides such as the thiocarbamates. These compounds stimulate defensive metabolic reactions in the crop species but not in weeds This principle has also been applied to vertebrates, but only to a very limited degree. Under some circumstances the thiocarbamate rice herbicide, molinate, may show toxicity to carp in nearby ponds. Based on a knowledge of the safeners that are active in plants, a compound was discovered that, when applied with molinate, acted as an antidote/safener for the carp (20). Little effort, either theoretical or empirical, seems to have gone into developing other such examples. 

Zinc oxide (band gap equivalent to 370-nm light) is capable of photooxidizing alkanes to alkanones (Giannotti et al., 1983) and of photodegrading the herbicides molinate (12) and thiobencarb (13) in agricultural wastewaters (Draper and Crosby, 1987 Figure 6.10). The use of ZnO in the latter instance is especially promising since the oxide is used in fertilizers as a source of zinc for crop nutrition. ZnO produced... 

Barreiros L, Nogales B, Manaia CM, Ferrerira ACS, Pieper DH, Reis MA, Nnnes OC. (2003). A novel pathway for mineralization of the thiocarbamate herbicide molinate by defined bacterial mixed culture. Environmental Microbiology 5(10) 944-953. 

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