Thin layer chromatography oligosaccharides

Fig. 4.2.1 Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of oligosaccharide standards. Left to right GM1 octasac-charide, mannotrisaccha-ride, mannotetrasaccharide, mannopentasaccharide, glucotetrasaccharide and standards of rath nose (lower) and lactose (upper)...

Humbel R, Collart M (1975) Oligosaccharides in the urine of patients with glycoprotein storage diseases. I. Rapid detection by thin-layer chromatography. Clin Chim Acta 60 143-145... 

Tsai MY, Marshall JG (1979) Screening for urinary oligosaccharides and simple sugars by thin-layer chromatography. Med Lab Sci 36 85-90... 

Table 4.3.2 Diagnostic workflow of disorders with accumulation of free or oligosaccharide-bound sialic acid. MRI Magnetic resonance imaging, TLC thin-layer chromatography...

Fig. 4.5.2 Actual strategies for CDG diagnosis. Initial investigations on CDG patients are routinely carried out by isoelectric focusing (IEF) of serum transferrin. With a CDG type I pattern, subsequent analysis should imply determination of phosphomannomutase (PMM) and phos-phomannose isomerase (PMI) activities. Further studies, like analysis of the lipid-linked- and protein-bound-oligosaccharides, determination of enzyme or sugar transporter activities and molecular biology studies often have to be performed in more specialised laboratories. HPLC High-performance liquid chromatography, TLC thin-layer chromatography...

There are many publications and comprehensive handbooks on the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of carbohydrates (e.g., Refs. 1 and 2). The reason is their great importance in life science and the great diversity of cases monosaccharide, disaccharide, trisaccharide, oligosaccharide, polysaccharide, aldose, ke-tose, triose, tetrose, pentose, hexose, as well as reducing and nonreducing sugars. In addition, when extracted from natural products or produced by fermentation, carbohydrates are accompanied by many impurities. That is why separation methods are used predominantly for their analysis. 

DART has been used to vaporize and ionize a large variety of analytes, e.g., drugs, explosive residues, plant metabolites, peptides, and oligosaccharides, from a variety of surfaces, including glass, paper, fruits, fabrics, medicinal tablets, and thin-layer chromatography plates. Limitations of DART include that it is useful only for small molecule analysis and cannot be combined with chromatography because it is a surface ionization method. 

Powning, R.R and Irzykiewicz, H. 1967. Separation of chitin oligosaccharides hy thin-layer chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 29 115-119. 

Mono- and oligosaccharides can be easily separated on silanized glass fiber paper and on silanized silica gel-l-octanol plates. Both systems offer, as a rapid screening method, an alternative to thin-layer chromatography especially for a clear identification of uronic acids in a mixture with neutral monosaccharides, as it occurs in the case of hydrolysates of acid... 

Analysis of native milk oligosaccharides directly from thin-layer chromatography plates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization orthogonal-time-of- flight mass spectrometry with a glycerol matrix. J. 

Dreisewerd,K.,Koelbl,S.,Peter-KataUnic,J.,Berkenkamp, S., Pohlentz, G. (2006) Analysis of native milk oligosaccharides directly from thin-layer chromatography plates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization orthogonal-time-of-flight mass spectrometry with a glycerol matrix. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 77,139-150. 

Nimptsch, K., Siiss, R., Riemer, T., Nimptsch, A., Schnahelrauch, M., and Schiller, J. 2010. Differently complex oligosaccharides can be easily identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry directly from a standard thin-layer chromatography plate, J. Chromatogr. A, 1217 3711-3715. 

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