Thin film reactions

Few-monolayer thin-film analysis, e.g., adsorbate and very thin-film reactions submicron detection of metal hydrides... 

The remaining work discusses two techniques in thin film analysis, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and X-ray diffractrometry with emphasis on strain measurements. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry is illustrated with analysis of silicide formation as an example of thin film reactions. Silicon-germanium-carbon films serve as an example of strain calculations. 

Rutherford backscattering spectrometry analysis determines how the composition varies as a function of depth and is used to characterize thin films and thin film reactions. During ion-beam analysis, the incident particle (typically a proton or helium ion) penetrates into the thin film and undergoes inelastic collisions, with target electrons, and loses energy as it transverses the sample. 

Apart from hot extrusion, VjSi can be deformed plastically at room temperature in spite of its brittleness by superimposing a high hydrostatic pressure which makes the production of multifilament, superconducting wires feasible for applications in solenoid magnets (Wright, 1977). Laminar VjSi can be prepared by solid-state, thin film reactions between V and SiOj on Si substrates (Hayashi etal.,... 

Clearly, these interactions will affect the sensitive transport properties of the junction. For a review of thin-film reactions on crystalline Si, see Tu and Mayer (1978) and Ottaviani (1979). 

Thin-film reaction couples can be prepared by growing thin films on a specially prepared substrate PLD works well for the deposition but molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) could be used equally well. 

A special thin-film reaction (though it becomes more general as it proceeds) is the corrosion of a ceranfic by a metal or another ceranfic. Phase... 

FIGURE 25.21 Forming YAG by a thin-film reaction (a) intermediate state (b) finai state tor the same fiim (c) the equiiibrium phase diagram. 

Regeneration of Breakdown of ES complex Reaction between enzyme and substrate in thin film Reaction between enzyme and substrate in thick film... 

By combining TEM and field emission gun (FEG)-SEM we find that the formation of spinel occurs more quickly along GBs in thin-film reaction couples as illustrated in Figure 25.18. At the earliest stages of these reactions, the kinetics are controlled by the interface mobility rather than by diffusion through the reactant. 

Figure 25.14 Johnson, M.L. CBC. See also Kotula, P.G., Johnson, M.T., and Carter, C.B. (1998) Thin-film reactions, Z. Phys. Chemie 206 S, 73. Johnson, M.T. and Carter, C.B. (1999) Movement of Pt markers in MgO during a solid-state reaction, Phil. Mag. Lett. 79, 609. http //www.tandf.co.uk/journals...

Figure 25.20 Data from Kotula, P.G. and Carter, C.B. (1998) Kinetics of thin-film reactions of NiO with AI2O3 I (0001) and 1120 reaction couples, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 81, 2869.

MULTIPLE ALKOXIDES FOR FERROELECTRIC THIN FILMS Reactions to Triple Alkoxides of Sr-Bi-Ta and Sr-Bi-Nb... 

K.N. Tu, Irreversible Processes of Spontaneous Whisker Growth in Bimetallic Cu-Sn Thin Film Reactions Phys. Rev. B49, 1994, p 2030-2034... 

The thin film reactions are as follows (i) Sn reacts completely... 

Tu, K.N. Irreversible processes of spontaneous whisker growth in bimetallic Cu-Sn thin-film reactions. Phys. Rev. B, January 1994 2030-2034. 

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