Thermometer Fahrenheit

We also find Fahrenheit (1686-1736) writing to Boerhaave on the namre of fire. The excitement of heat and cold and the expansion of warm bodies were points under special discussion. This was practically relevant because mercury easily dilates by the application of heat, which makes it suitable for use in the thermometer Fahrenheit developed. It is remarkable that Boerhaave kept the letters he received from Fahrenheit, because normally he rarely kept letters from anyone. This must indicate that Boerhaave considered the topic under discussion as rather important. Fahrenheit writes to Boerhaave about fire ... 

Mercury thermometer, Fahrenheit temperature scale (Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit) Fahrenheit uses mercury in a glass thermometer to measure temperature over the entire range for liquid water. 

Fahrenheit or Celsius degrees), fever thermometer (Fahrenheit or Celsius degrees), kitchen measuring spoons (tablespoons, or teaspoons), automobile speedometer (miles per hour or kilometers per hour), directional compass (degrees), tire pressure gauge (pounds per square inch), protractor (degrees). 

In the late fifteenth century AD mercury was successfully used as a treatment for syphilis. In the late sixteenth century the development of the Patio process for the recovery of silver by amalgamation (see Silverand silveralloys) greatiy increased the consumption of mercury. Usage of mercury increased in 1643 when Torricelli invented the barometer, and again in 1720 when Fahrenheit invented the mercury thermometer. Other scientific and medical appHcations foUowed. Industrial usage after 1900, particularly in electrical appHcations, expanded rapidly, offsetting the sharp decline in its use in amalgamation. 

Ambient Dry-Bulb Temperature External outdoor temperature as indicated by a dry-bulb thermometer and expressed in degrees Fahrenheit. 

Ambient Wet-Bulb Temperature The temperature in degrees Fahrenheit to which air can be cooled, making it adiabatic to saturation by the addition of water vapor, in practical terms, the wet-bulb temperature is the temperature indicated by a thermometer, the bulb of which is kept moist by a wick and over which air is circulated. 

The Fahreuheit and Celsius temperature scales. The distance between the freezing and boiling points of water is 180° on the Fahrenheit scale and 100° on the Celsius scale. Thus the Celsius degree is 9/5 as large as the Fahrenheit degree, as is evident from the magnified section of the thermometer above. 

Modern temperature scale proposed by G. Fahrenheit, defined by a thermometer, a law and three fixed points. Fahrenheit s thermometer was a mercury-in-glass one. Thermal expansion versus temperature was assumed linear. Three fixed points were defined 0°F temperature of a mixture of water, ice and ammonium chloride 32°F temperature of melting ice 96°F temperature of human body... 

Determine the Celsius temperature that corresponds to the highest Fahrenheit temperature, 240°F. °C = (°F-32) = (240°F-32) = 116°C Because 116°C is above the range of the thermometer, this thermometer cannot be used in this candy making assignment. 

The intensity of heat, or temperature, is measured in Celsius (centigrade) or Fahrenheit scales, and expressed in degrees (°). The instrument that measures the temperature is called thermometer. Most thermometers in the United States use the Fahrenheit scale. 

Although mercury is known from early times and was used hy alchemists, its first modern scientific applications date hack to 1643 when Torricelli used it in the barometer to measure pressure and about eight decades later Fahrenheit used it in the thermometer to measure temperature. Before this, mercury s use was confined to decorative work, gold extraction and medicines. The element was named after the planet mercury and its symbol Hg is taken from the Latin word hydrargyrum, which means hquid silver. 

Fahrenheit, G.D. (1686—1736). A German physicist who devised meteorological instruments, hydrometers and thermometers. 

Thermometer shall be an ASTM Open Flash-Type, graduated in either centigrade (—6° to +400°C) or Fahrenheit (+20° to +760°F) degrees and conforming to the requirements for thermometer 11C or 11F, respectively, as prescribed in ASTM El Procedure... 

You must be very careful to recognize and understand the units of a gauge that appear in a test question. For instance, a temperature gauge (commonly called a thermometer) could use either degrees Fahrenheit or degrees Celsius. Mistakes on units can cause major problems, so be careful The table on page 200 shows some common types of gauges, what they measure, and the kind of units they use. 

Thermometer temperature commonly used on fire apparatus to determine engine, pump, and hydraulics temperature to ensure proper operation degrees Fahrenheit or Celsius... 

But the temperature is measured by the number of divisions contained iff equal portions of the stem of the respective thermometers. Now, the zero point of Fahrenheit s is 32° below freezing point. If, therefore, F.° — 32, R.°, C.° indicate the same temperature on. each of the three thermometers, one has the proportion — ... 

To what temperature must a bath be heated so that a Fahrenheit thermometer will have a reading that is three times as large as that on a Celsius thermometer ... 

The scale was invented by a German physicist G. D. Fahrenheit f 1686-1736). who introduced the use of mercury instead of alcohol in thermometers. 

Temperature is measured by such instruments as thermometers, pyrometers, thermocouples, etc., and by scales such as centigrade (Celsius), Fahrenheit, Rankine, Reaumur, and absolute (Kelvin). 

The mercury in thermometers freezes at —38.9°C. What is this temperature in degrees Fahrenheit ... 

Fahrenheit could not make a thermometer of the same sort, despite repeated attempts. The type of thermometer that he was trying to make used water, open to the atmosphere, as the fluid of expansion. His original thermometers were thus sensitive to air pressure, and acted as both barometers and thermometers at the same time. 

Routine measurements of temperature are done with a thermometer. Thermometers found in chemistry laboratories may use either mercury or a colored fluid as the liquid, and degrees Celsius (°C) as the units of measurement. The fixed reference points on this scale are the freezing point of water, 0°C, and the boiling point of water, 100°C. Between these two reference points, the scale is divided into 100 units, with each unit equal to 1°C. Temperature can be estimated to 0.1°C. Other thermometers use either the Fahrenheit (°F) or the Kelvin (K) temperature scale and use the same reference points, that is, the freezing and boiling points of water. Conversion between the scales can be accomplished using the formulas below. 

There are many specialized thermometers available. Some are used to obtain maximum and minimum temperatures, while others are used for specific tests. The ASTM has defined a series of special partial-immersion thermometers for specific tests. These thermometers are identified as ASTM thermometers and are marked with a number followed by a C (for centigrade) or an F (for Fahrenheit). The number is strictly an identifying number with no relation to the temper-... 

By a simple experiment, Watt found what was the real bulk of water converted into steam and from his friend Dr. Black he learned what was the heat absorbed and rendered latent by the conversion of water into steam, which the Doctor then publicly taught, and had done for some years. Experiments had been made long before by Dr. Cullen, Mr. John Robison, and others, in public classes, which proved that water, when placed in an exhausted receiver, boiled, and was converted into steam at the heat of 70° or 80° of Fahrenheit s thermometer...34... 

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