Fahrenheit

These systems have been operated in extremely low quality (and radioactivity contaminated) industrial environments for the past several years without any major equipment or component failures. Utilizing specialized operating/warm-up procedures, they have operated in low grade, out-of-doors, dust ridden, rain-soaked, industrial environments at temperature ranges which greatly exceed the original equipment manufacturers (OEM) specified limits. The systems have been successfully operated at ambient temperatures of minus 10 to plus 103 degrees Fahrenheit without any pre-mature or un-anticipated equipment failures. 

In the late fifteenth century AD mercury was successfully used as a treatment for syphilis. In the late sixteenth century the development of the Patio process for the recovery of silver by amalgamation (see Silverand silveralloys) greatiy increased the consumption of mercury. Usage of mercury increased in 1643 when Torricelli invented the barometer, and again in 1720 when Fahrenheit invented the mercury thermometer. Other scientific and medical appHcations foUowed. Industrial usage after 1900, particularly in electrical appHcations, expanded rapidly, offsetting the sharp decline in its use in amalgamation. 

Other methods are also available for the estimation of diesel fuel quaUty. For example, the diesel index (DI) is defined by the relation DI = (A° F X ° API)/100, where A °F is the aniline point in degrees Fahrenheit and °API is the American Petroleum Institute gravity. A high aniline point corresponds to a high proportion of paraffins in the diesel fuel such a fuel has a high diesel index and, therefore, a high cetane number. 

Temperature. Temperature maybe measured on an absolute or relative scale. The two most common relative scales are the Celsius and the Fahrenheit scales. The Celsius scale is defined as 0°C at the freezing point (triple point) of water and 100°C at the boihng point. The Fahrenheit scale is arbitrarily defined by assigning it a temperature of 32 degrees at the freezing point of water and 212°F at the boihng point of water (see Temperature measurements). 

The absolute temperature scale that corresponds to the Celsius scale is the Kelvin scale for the Fahrenheit scale, the absolute scale is called the Rankine scale. The Celsius scale reads 0 when the Kelvin scale reads 273 the Fahrenheit scale reads 0 when the Rankine scale reads 460. These relationships are shown in Figure 1. 

Temperature. General guidance for converting tolerances from degrees Fahrenheit to kelvins or degrees Celsius is given in Table 5. 

Acres Square feet 43,560 B.t.u. (60 F.) per degree Fahrenheit Calories per degree centigrade 453.6... 

Fahrenheit centigrade 1 Cubic feet per minute Gallons per second 0.1247... 

Fahrenheit Kelvin Cubic feet per second Milhon gallons per day 0.646.32... 

To convert the Joule-Thomson coefficient, I, in degrees Celsius per atmosphere to degrees Fahrenheit per atmosphere, multiply by 1.8. 

To convert calories per gram-degree Celsius to British thermal units per pound-degree Fahrenheit, multiply by 1.0. 

F = % °C + 32 to convert calories per gram-degree Celsius to British thermal units per pound-degree Fahrenheit, iTuiltiply by 1.0 to convert grams per cubic centimeter to pounds per cubic foot, multiply by 62.43. 

Thermal conductivity to convert watts per meter-kelvin to British thermal unit-feet per hour-square foot-degree Fahrenheit, multiply by 0.57779 and to convert British thermal unit-feet per hour-square foot-degree Fahrenheit to watts per meter-kelvin, multiply by 1.7307. Viscosity to convert pascal-seconds to centipoises, multiply by 1000. 

Example If it is known that centigrade C and Fahrenheit F are linearly related and when C = 0 , F = 32 C = 100 , F = 212 , find the equation relating C and F and that point where C = F. By using the two-point form, the equation... 

FIG. 5-7 Radiation coefficients of heat transfer h,.. To convert British thermal units per hoiir-sqiiare foot-degrees Fahrenheit to joules per square meter-second-kelvins, multiply by 5,6783 = ( F — 32)/l,8,... 

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