Thermodynamic Equilibrium Studies

By definition, a device derives from the association of multiple elements in older to achieve a given pnrpose. Such an association necessarily involves the existence of bonds, of interfaces between the different elements that constitute the device, and it is through these interfaces that the function we are aiming at will be accomplished. Interface processes therefore seem to be fundamental in the workings of a device. 

To be convinced of such a thing, we have only to mention, by way of example, the case of optical or electronic devices. 

In an optical device, the expected function is to control the propagation of light rays in transparent media. To do so, it is necessaiy to combine at least two transparent media characterized by distinct refractive indexes and by contact surfaces that are most often hemispherical. Thus, the light rays direction of propagation is fully controlled by the change in light propagation velocity at the interfaces. 

In terms of electronics, it is important when dealing with electrical charges to control their flow, their location and their concentration. All of this is made possible by the creation of junctions made by associating different semiconductor materials or semiconductor and metallic materials. 

Such junctions, whose effects can be limited to a depth of a few dozen angstroms, will make it possible to accumulate charges and to regulate electrical flows. 

---

Thompson, D. Argent, B. B. 2002. Thermodynamic equilibrium study of trace element mobilisation under pulverised fuel combustion conditions. Fuel, 81/3, 345-361. 

Liu, S., Wang, Y., Yu, L. and Oakey, J. (2006) Thermodynamic equilibrium study of trace element transformation during underground coal gasification. Fuel Processing Technology, 87(3), 209-15. 

These basic thermodynamic considerations show that intermediate reactions in combustion processes can be very advantageous and that in some cases most or all of the chemical energy could be harnessed as mechanical energy at least theoretically. Important questions of reaction kinetics, actual design and applicability of such a device of the selected oxygen carriers have not been included in these fundamental thermodynamic equilibrium studies. 

Edwards, D.P., M. Lopez-Puertas, and M.A. Lopez-Valverde, Non-local thermodynamic equilibrium studies of the 15-jUm bands of CO2 for atmospheric remote sensing. J Geophys Res 98, 14,955, 1993. 

Thermodynamic Equilibrium Studies. A detailed thermodynamic equilibrium study was made for some pure hydrocarbon feedstocks to calculate the effects of operating variables on the heat of reaction and product gas composition. Experimental work done elsewhere had shown that product gas compositions approached equilibrium quite closely with active catalysts (5). Thus we expected that not only would these calculations be a guide for conducting experimental work, but they would minimize the amount of experimental work required. 

Comparison of the complex-formation constants for bofli 1 1 (57 and 58) and 1 2 (such as 59) species ° with those obtained for the respective copper(II) complexes with parent amino acids revealed that the fructosyl moiety provides for an additional chelate effect in D-fructose-a-amino acids and as a consequence, a significant increase in the complex stability. In the absence of an anchoring chelating group, such as a-carboxylate, the D-finctosamine structure is not a good copper(II) chelator, and Cu(n) expectably does not form stable complexes with the carbohydrate in A -d-Iructose-L-lysine peptides. Although it would be expected that iron(III) complexes with D-finctose-amino acids in aqueous solutions, no related thermodynamic equilibrium studies have been done so far for this important redox-active metal. 

Interfacial Thermodynamic Equilibrium Studies 101 This value represents the diffusion potential Vd, which is expressed ... 

---