Thermal strain indicators

If the clothing properties are not correctly matched to the heat balance, the body warns us that we are out of balance with thermal strain indicators. 

Since thermal strain is not determined by single climate parameters, it is not useful to link decisions or recommendations regarding the risks of participating in sports events to temperature, wind, humidity, or radiation alone. Instead, it is better to use climatic indices. 

During exercise in the heat, sweat loss is the main mechanism to lose heat. Core temperature increases more when hypohydrated as compared to euhydrated subjects. Therefore, an international standard, ISO 7933, was based on the ratio between the amount of sweat that should be evaporated to stay in thermal equilibrium and the amount of sweat that can be evaporated maximally. This required sweat rate index (Ereq) standard is replaced with the Predictive Heat Strain Index developed by Malchaire (2006). This index is mainly used for the industry. Sometimes thermal strain is combined with thermal stress indicators in order to make an individual recommendation for performance limits (Epstein and Moran, 2006). 

The idea of different classes pol5rmers representation as composites is not new. Even 35 years ago Kardos and Raisoni [1] offered to use composite models for the description of semicrystalline pol5rmers properties number and obtained prediction of the indicated pol5rmers stiffiiess and thermal strains to a precision of 20%. They considered semicrystalline polymer as composite, in which matrix is the amorphous and the crystallites are a filler. The authors of Ref [1] also supposed that other pol5miers, for example, hybrid pol5mier systems, in which two components with different mechanical properties were present obviously, can be simulated by a similar method. 

Theoretical studies indicate that for dt < 2 nm the effect of strain energy exceeds that of the room temperature thermal energy, so that it is only at small nanotube diameters that the strain energy associated with nanotube... 

The cracking susceptibility of a micro-alloyed HSLA-100 steel was examined and compared to that of a HY-100 steel in the as-received condition and after heat treatment to simulate the thermal history of a single pass weld. Slow strain rate tensile tests were conducted on samples of these alloys with these thermal histories in an inert environment and in an aqueous solution during continuous cathodic charging at different potentials with respect to a reference electrode. Both alloys exhibited reduced ductilities at cathodic potentials indicating susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement. The results of these experiments will be presented and discussed in relation to the observed microstructures and fractography. 

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