Thermal petroleum drying

Increase of temperature of the emulsion. This reduces the viscosity of the emulsion phases, and reduces the interfacial tension between the phases (the thermal methods of petroleum drying are based on this principle) ... 

Continuous contact coking a thermal conversion process in which petroleum-wetted coke particles move downward into the reactor in which cracking, coking, and drying take place to produce coke, gas, gasoline, and gas oil. 

Carbon black A finely divided form of carbon made by the incomplete combustion or thermal decomposition of natural gas or petroleum oil. Castor oil A non-drying oil derived from the seeds of the castor bean, Ricinus communis. It is a pale yellowish or almost colourless transparent, mixed Uquid. It is used in paint and has a mild odour and a nauseating taste. 

Pentaethoxyuranium is a dark-brown, mobile liquid with a density of 1.71 g/cm3 at 25°.2 The liquid boils at 123° at 0.001 torr and is thermally stable below 170°. The compound is readily hydrolyzed and is oxidized by dry oxygen (in the presence of excess NaOC2Hs) to hexaethoxyuranium.2 Pentaethoxyuranium has a dimeric structure at room temperature as determined by freezing-point depression measurements in benzene.2 It is miscible with ethanol, diethyl ether, benzene, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, carbon disulfide, pyridine, dioxane, and nitrobenzene. The proton magnetic... 

XRD patterns were measured with a Rigaku D/max 2500 instrument with Cu Ka. A PHILIPS XL 30 SEM with an EDX detector was employed. The adhesion of the catalyst layer was measured by weight loss in ultrasonic bath test for 30 min, with immersion in petroleum ether in a sealed beaker. 10 cycles of thermal shock was applied by heating to 800 °C for 20 min with a rate 10 C/min, dropping into water at 25 C, and drying at 120 C for each. 

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