THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS

I and C L Waller 1997. Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Three-Dimensional Quantitative icture-Activity Relationships. In Lipkowitz K B and D B Boyd (Editors) Reviews in iputational Chemistry Volume 11. New York, VCH Publishers, pp. 127-182. 

This book demonstrates the application of biological sciences in engineering with theoretical and practical aspects. The seventeen chapters give more understanding of the knowledge related to the specified field, with more practical approaches and related case studies with original research data. It is a book for students to follow the sequential lectures with detailed explanations, and solves the actual problems in the related chapters. 

Chapter 15 gives an extensive and detailed review of theoretical and practical aspects of macromolecular transport in nanostructured media. Chapter 16 examines the change in transport properties of electrolytes confmed in nanostructures, such as pores of membranes. The confinment effect is also analyzed by molecular dynamic simulation. 

LH Block. Scale-up of disperse systems Theoretical and practical aspects. In HA Lieberman, MM Rieger, GS Banker, eds. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms Disperse Systems, Vol. 3, 2nd ed. New York Marcel Dekker, 1998, pp 363-394. 

The reader is referred to basic studies of mass transfer in freeze-drying by Pikal and coworkers for in-depth treatment of the theoretical and practical aspects of mass transfer [29,32], Briefly, the rate-limiting step in mass transfer is transfer of water vapor through the partially dried matrix of solids. Resistance of the dried layer increases in a more or less continuous fashion as the depth of the dried layer increases, and the resistance also increases with the concentration of solids in the dried layer. Other factors can also affect the resistance of the dried layer, such as the method of freezing faster freezing tends to create a higher resistance in the dried layer. 

Comprehensive treatment of theoretical and practical aspects of radioligand... 

The terms of the signal model at Eq. (3.17) are of particular interest for both theoretical and practical aspects of analytical chemistry, viz. in detail ... 

Danzer K, Wagner M, Fischbacher C (1995) Calibration by orthogonal and common least squares - theoretical and practical aspects. Fresenius J Anal Chem 352 407... 

Molecular spectra can be analyzed for spectrometric or for spectroscopic purposes. The term spectrometric usually refers to compound identification (linking a signal to a known structure) and to the determination of its concentration. The term spectroscopic stands for interpretation of the spectrum in terms of structure (chemical, electronic, nuclear, etc.). In this chapter we will look as some theoretical and practical aspects of a key spectrometric application of bioEPR, namely, the determination of the concentration of paramagnets, also known as spin counting. Subsequently, we consider the generation of anisotropic powder EPR patterns in the computer simulation of spectra, a basic technique that underlies both spectrometric and spectroscopic applications of bioEPR. 

R. Bezman and L. R. Faulkner discussed theoretical and practical aspects for measurements of the efficiencies of chemiluminescent electron transfer reactions 189>. They also performed absolute measurements of the chemiluminescence of the fluoranthene- 10-methyl-phenothiazine system 211h... 

In contrast to the spin-1/2 —> spin-1/2 polarization case, the transfer of polarization between spin-1/2 and quadrupolar nuclei presents a considerable challenge due to the very complex spin dynamics involved in the CP process and the spinlocking of quadrupolar nuclei under MAS. The overall sensitivity is rarely enhanced with respect to the direct polarization method, even if T[ is much shorter than Tf. The usefulness of the CP experiment relies mainly on its ability to probe the interactions between the neighboring nuclei in ID or 2D schemes under MAS or isotropic resolution. The theoretical and practical aspects of spin-locking and CP transfer between spin-1/2 and the SQ or MQ coherences of the quadrupolar nuclei (SQ-CP or MQ-CP) have been thoroughly studied and reviewed [20, 221-227]. Some of the challenges involved in such experiments are summarized below. 

Zaera, F Somorjai, G.A. In Hydrogen In Catalysis Theoretical and Practical Aspects Paal, Z. Menon, P.G., Eds. Marcel Dekker, New York, 1987. 

Tudor I. Oprea and Chris L. Waller, Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Three-Dimensional Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships. 

The various theoretical and practical aspects of the use of HPLC methods have been recently discussed in exquisite books, such as the application of HPLC-MS in drug analysis [59], the theory of chromatography [60], the fundamentals of chromatography [61, 62], the practice and theory of ion-chromatography [63], problem solving in HPLC [64], the... 

The above book [1] deals, in 26 chapters in 5 sections, with theoretical and practical aspects of the use and safe handling of powerful oxidants and their complementary reactive fuels. Materials include nitrogen pentaoxide, perfluoroam-monium ion and salts, nitronium tetrafluoroborate, hydrazinium mono- and diperchlorates, nitronium perchlorate, tricyanomethyl compounds, difluoramine and its alkyl derivatives, oxygen difluoride, chlorine trifluoride, dinitrogen tetraoxide, bromine trifluoride nitrogen fluorides, and liquid ozone-fluorine system. 

Two disciplines cover the majority of the theoretical and practical aspects of the mechanisms through which electron transfers proceed electrochemistry and photochemistry. In this book only mechanisms relating to electrochemistry will be considered. 

Buffle, J., Complexation Reactions in Aquatic Systems An Analytical Approach, Ellis Horwood, Chichester, 1990. This gem of a book covers all of the theoretical and practical aspects of speciation. Although out of print now, its wealth of insight and clear-sighted use of examples makes it a must . It is somewhat mathematical in parts, although most of this material can generally be avoided. 

The present volume contains the lectures given during this ASI and covers almost all theoretical and practical aspects of advanced transmission electron microscopy techniques and crystallographic methods that are relevant for determining structures of organic and inorganic materials. Moreover a number of extended abstracts on the presented posters during this ASI have been added to this volume. 

In this paper, we elucidated some theoretical and practical aspects in the design of target-specific combinatorial libraries. In the studies we described to illustrate a real... 

The chapter deals with three main subjects a survey of theoretical and practical aspects of photoelectron spectroscopy (Part II) an analysis of results on elemental metals (Part in) and an analysis of results on oxides (Part IV). 

How a chemical system at equilibrium changes when conditions change was first stated by Henri Louis Le Chatelier (1850-1936) in 1884. Le Chatelier was a professor at a mining school in France who worked on both the theoretical and practical aspects of chemistry. His research on the chemistry of cements led him to formulate a principle to predict how changing the pressure affected a chemical system. In the publication Annals of Mines in 1888, Le Chatelier stated the principle that bears his name Every change of one of the factors... 

Block LH. Scale-up of disperse systems theoretical and practical aspects. In Lieberman HA, Rieger MM, Banker GS, eds. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms Disperse Systems. Vol. 3. 2nd ed. New York Marcel Dekker, 1998 363. Astarita G. Scale-up overview, closing remarks, and cautions. In Bisio A, Kabel RL, eds. Scale-up of Chemical Processes Conversion from Laboratory Scale Tests to Successful Commercial Size Design. New York Wiley, 1985 678. Gekas V. Transport Phenomena of Foods and Biological Materials. Boca Raton, FL CRC Press, 1992 5-62. 

The chapter on compaction and tableting has been completely rewritten to reflect the more comprehensive perspective in both theoretical and practical aspects,... 

All biochemical laboratory activities, whether in education, research, or industry, are replete with techniques that must be carried out almost on a daily basis. This chapter outlines the theoretical and practical aspects of some of these general and routine procedures, including use of buffers, pH and other electrodes, dialysis, membrane filtration, lyophilization, centrifugal concentration, and quantitative methods for protein and nucleic acid measurement. 

In the rest of the chapter, various chromatographic methods will be discussed. You should recognize that no single chromatographic technique relies solely on adsorption or partition effects. Therefore, little emphasis will be placed on a classification of the techniques instead, theoretical and practical aspects will be discussed. 

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