The Use of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

The Use of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Inorganic Chemistry E. L. Muetterties and W. D. Phillips... 

This chapter will describe the use of nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance imaging to characterize the quality attributes of foods and for use in process optimization, shelf-life determination and component migration. 

P. J. McDonald 1995, (The use of nuclear magnetic resonance for on line process control and quality assurance), in Food Processing Recent Developments, ed. A. G. Gaonkar, Elsevier, Oxford, (pp.) 23-36. 

This chapter describes the uses of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in organic chemistry. By the end of the chapter you should ... 

Goodman, BA. and Stucki, J.W. (1984) The use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) for the determination of tetrahedral aluminium in montmorillonite. Clay Miner., 19, 663-667. 

Dilatometry is accurate and cheap, but time-consuming and laborious (Wan, 1991 Kaylegian and Lindsay, 1994 Shukla, 1995). The technique was accepted worldwide up to about 1970, but a switch to the use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) began in the early 1970s (Shukla, 1995). 

Most of our structural information comes from x-ray crystallographic analysis of protein crystals and from the use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in solution. Each of these techniques has advantages and limitations which makes them suitable for a complementary range of problems. The first protein structure determined at a sufficient resolution to trace the path of the polypeptide chain was that of myoglobin in 1960. Since that time many thousands of structures corresponding to hundreds of different proteins have been determined. The coordinates of the atoms in many protein and nucleic acid structures are available from the Protein Data Bank, which may be accessed via the Internet or World Wide Web (http //www.pdb.bnl.gov). 

In 2002, through the use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis, the planar and partial stereostructure of a SAAF from the egg-conditioning medium of C. intestinalis w s elucidated to be a previously uncharacterized sulfated steroid 3,4,7,26-tetrahydroxycholestane-3,26-disulfate (30).73 Its structure was deduced from only 4p.g (6 nmol) of sample. Thus, SAAF may represent the smallest amount of sample used in the structure elucidation of novel nonpeptidic or nonoligosaccharide natural products.74... 

This article is a brief review of the state of the art in the use of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance for studpng deactivation of zeolite based catalysts which occurs during cracking, hydrocracking, reforming and isomerization reactions. 

Safflower seed oil content can also be determined by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and today most plant breeders employ NMR techniques to measure their new lines. NMR techniques can be performed on only one half of a seed, so the other half can be planted if the results of the analysis are promising. In its earlier versions, processors tended to feel that NMR analysis produced oil content results that were slightly higher than found by standard solvent extraction analysis or than what was actually obtained at the oil mill. This has been disproven in the case of safflower seed, and the industry has adopted NMR analyses in large part to speed up paperwork. Because of the relatively small amount of safflower seed being measured for oil content annually, no one has taken the time to prove that present-day NMR procedures should be used to substitute for the standard AOCS procedure. 

The use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for structural studies of humic substances has become commonplace since some of the... 

The hydroformylation reaction has been applied to 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-3-deoxy-a-D-ert/thro-hex-2-enopyranose (36, R = OAc, R = Ac, a-D anomer), and, from the products, crystalline penta-O-acetyl-3-deoxy-3-C-(hydroxymethyl)-a-D-glucopyranose (56) was isolated after acetylation and gas-chromatographic separation.107 Structural analysis was conducted by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance methods applied to the labeled analog carrying a deuterium atom at C-2. 

A feature of Horowitz and Gentili s work was the use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. They showed that the 5 value for the benzylic proton [Hb in structure (7)], at C-1 of the D-glucose side-chain in vitexin, is virtually unchanged in the hepta-O-methyl and hepta-O-acetyl derivatives from this, it follows that the carbon atom which carries this proton cannot also carry a hydroxyl group (otherwise, acetylation would cause the signal to shift to much lower field, and methylation, to a higher field)... 

We also want to refer the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance, and Raman techniques for solid surface studies [19]. 

The use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in quantifying PHA was fully explored starting from 1980 onwards. NMR is a non-invasive approach, which can be accurately used to determine the different types of PHA consisting of a variety of chemical structures. 

The use of nuclear magnetic resonance to measure the spatial distribution of nuclei, particularly water protons. Magnetic field gradients generate spatial dependence of the resonance frequency. Three-dimensional images are constructed from the signals. 

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