The solubility of gases in blood and tissues

Larson et al used a commercial infrared halothane analyzer to analyze for halothane in gases equilibrated with blood and tissue, for determining the solubility of halothane in blood and tissue homogenates (49). [Pg.143]

The toxic effect depends both on lipid and blood solubility. I his will be illustrated with an example of anesthetic gases. The solubility of dinitrous oxide (N2O) in blood is very small therefore, it very quickly saturates in the blood, and its effect on the central nervous system is quick, but because N,0 is not highly lipid soluble, it does not cause deep anesthesia. Halothane and diethyl ether, in contrast, are very lipid soluble, and their solubility in the blood is also high. Thus, their saturation in the blood takes place slowly. For the same reason, the increase of tissue concentration is a slow process. On the other hand, the depression of the central nervous system may become deep, and may even cause death. During the elimination phase, the same processes occur in reverse order. N2O is rapidly eliminated whereas the elimination of halothane and diethyl ether is slow. In addition, only a small part of halothane and diethyl ether are eliminated via the lungs. They require first biotransformation and then elimination of the metabolites through the kidneys into the... [Pg.260]

Application of temperature and pressure relationships in the prediction of the solubility of anaesthetic gases in vivo is complicated by the interaction of these gases with the lipids and proteins in the blood and in tissue fluids. [Pg.53]

Frank in dogs. The most likely explanation is that the model does not account for chemical reactions of ozone in the mucus and epithelial tissue. Another problem is that the nose is believed to behave more like a scrubbing tower with fresh liquid at each level, inasmuch as the blood supply is not continuous for the entire length of the nose, as assumed in the model. Neglecting the surface area, volume, flow, and thickness of the mucus layer in the nose will probably also give erroneous results for soluble gases with a small diffusion coefficient in mucus and for singlebreath inhalations of a low concentration of any gas. [Pg.305]

Gases that do not react irreversibly with epithelial tissue, such as anesthetic gases, may diffuse into the bloodstream and will ultimately be eliminated from the body. A different and earlier model developed by DuBois and Rogers estimates the rate of uptake of inhaled gas from the tracheobronchial tree in terms of diffusion through the epithelial tissue, rate of blood flow, and solubility of the gas in blood. The rate of uptake from the airway lumen is determined by the equation ... [Pg.311]

Gases and vapors disperse with oxygen and nitrogen in normal air. Consequently, hazardous gases will travel with normal air deep into the lungs. Depending on solubility and other properties, a gas may go into solution in the blood or attach to red cells or elements of the blood. The blood transports the material to other tissues in the body for which there may be more affinity. [Pg.344]

If a chemical is completely excreted, then succeeding doses have no increased effect, hut if a residue remains, then it is possible for the second dose to add to the first and, if doses are repeated often enough, to reach a level high enough to be toxic. In this context, it is obvious that, the water solubility - tissue reactivity and blood to gas phase partition coefficient values of the toxicants are all important in cases of exposure to gases indoors. [Pg.416]

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