The Outline Format

This technique is similar to the bullet format, but instead of bullets it uses the more traditional outline style that you may have used for years roman numerals, letters, and so on. The advantages of this format are that it does not require full sentences and that it progresses in a logical sequence. The disadvantage is that it requires you to spend more time thinking about organization. Leave plenty of room here because you may want to come back later and add more points, 

The boiling points and electrical conductivities of six aqueous solutions are as follows  

Solution Boiling Point Relative Electrical Conductivity 

Discuss the relationship among the composition, the boiling point, and the electrical conductivity of each solution. 

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This question lends itself to the outline format. 

The outline format might work well in part (b). 

This question is probably best answered in the outline format, because you will try to show a logical progression of concepts leading to two overall conclusions. Using the chart format would become too complicated. This question should take about ten minutes to answer. 

Chapter 2 collates the definitions and terms used. The outlines (formats) used in the preparation of design descriptions for this report are enclosed as Appendices I and II. 

The environmental implications of rubber usage are very easily understood by considering NR, a versatile industrial material obtained from the Hevea trees as outlined in the tabular format below [4] ... 

Our attempts to isolate larger amounts of 6 from the solution have failed so far. The mass peak of the sodium adduct of 8 (Mg Na+ = 246.8), however, strongly supports the oxidation of 5 into 6 as a prerequisite for the subsequent formation of 8 from 7 as outlined (eqs. 6 and 7). The addition of ethylamine to capture the reactive aldehyde 6 as imine did not result in recognized reaction products. 

Fig. 3.12. An outline of a feedback system in which X to C and Y are regulated by downstream products so as to control the balanced formation of C and Y from X. represents feedback.

When alcohols are added to the reaction mixture, unsymmetrical ether products may be obtained. Starting with a mixture of aldehydes can also give rise to the formation of unsymmetrical ethers. These ether products are formed under conditions different from those used in the formation of ethers directly from alcohols. Thus, it is postulated that the reaction sequence that leads from the carbonyl substrate to the ether involves the intermediate formation of hemiacetals, acetals, or their protonated forms and alkoxycarbenium ions, which are intercepted and reduced to the final ether products by the organosilicon hydrides present in the reaction mix. The probable mechanistic scheme that is followed when Brpnsted acids are present is outlined in Scheme 2.311-327 328... 

The mechanism involved in the formation of maltol (XXXIX) from the streptose residue of streptomycin, a mechanism which also applies to 5-hydroxystreptose, has been outlined by Lemieux and Wolfrom.1 An alternative theory has been suggested63 this is based on the supposed formation of an intermediate acyloin compound, as shown by the following formulas. However, this theory is unacceptable since one of the require-... 

The olefin binding site is presumed to be cis to the carbene and trans to one of the chlorides. Subsequent dissociation of a phosphine paves the way for the formation of a 14-electron metallacycle G which upon cycloreversion generates a pro ductive intermediate [ 11 ]. The metallacycle formation is the rate determining step. The observed reactivity pattern of the pre-catalyst outlined above and the kinetic data presently available support this mechanistic picture. The fact that the catalytic activity of ruthenium carbene complexes 1 maybe significantly enhanced on addition of CuCl to the reaction mixture is also very well in line with this dissociative mechanism [11] Cu(I) is known to trap phosphines and its presence may therefore lead to a higher concentration of the catalytically active monophosphine metal fragments F and G in solution. 

To establish the stoichiometry of the sulfide formation, Equation (6.3) must be combined with the oxidation process for the organic matter that is the actual electron donor for the heterotrophic sulfate-reducing bacteria. The procedure for the combination of the oxidation and the reduction process steps is the same as outlined in Section 2.1.3. If organic matter is considered simply as CH20, the combination of the oxidation process as depicted in Example 2.2 and the reduction reaction for sulfate shown in Equation (6.3) result in the following redox process ... 

Just as with treatment, the appearance of aftercare may vary according to the therapeutic model. For example, Minnesota-model aftercare usually operates in groups that meet weekly. The format of these weekly sessions usually involves psychoeducation around relapse prevention, often related to an issue germane to specific members of the group. Sometimes the psychoeducation topic is predetermined by the outline of a relapse prevention manual (see Chapter 7). 

A general difficulty encountered in kinetic studies of outer-sphere electron-transfer processes concerns the separation of the precursor formation constant (K) and the electron-transfer rate constant (kKT) in the reactions outlined above. In the majority of cases, precursor formation is a diffusion controlled step, followed by rate-determining electron transfer. In the presence of an excess of Red, the rate expression is given by... 

Use this book in addition to your regular chemistry text. We have outlined three different study programs to prepare you for the exam. If you choose the year-long program, use it as you are taking your AP Chemistry course. It will provide additional problems in the AP format. If you choose one of the other two programs, use it with your chemistry textbook also but you may need to lean a little more on this review book. Either way, if you put in the time and effort, you will do well. 

The method outlined here competes well with the method developed earlier by Danheiser, et al.618 Its superiority is based on the fact that phenyl ester enolates give almost the same results as the S-phenyl thiolester enolates. However, handling the malodorous benzenethiol for the preparation of the active acid derivative and during workup of the p-lactone can be avoided. In addition, phenol is much cheaper than benzenethiol. The method is well suited for the preparation of p-lactones from symmetrical and unsymmetrical ketones. In addition to 3,3-dimethyM-oxaspiro[3.5]nonan-2-one, ( )-3-ethyl-1-oxaspiro[3.5]nonan-2-one and (3R, 4R )- and (3R, 4S )-4-isopropyl-4-methyl-3-octyl-2-oxetanone were prepared by this procedure in high yields (Notes 11 and 12). In the case of unsymmetrical ketones the less sterically crowded diasteroisomer is formed preferentially. With aldehydes as the carbonyl component the yields are unsatisfactory, because of the competitive formation of 1,3-dioxan-4-ones.6... 

Organic Synthesis welcomes and encourages submission of experimental procedures which lead to compounds of wide interest or which illustrate important new developments in methodology. The Editorial Board will consider proposals in outline format as shown below, and will request full experimental details for those proposals which are of sufficient interest. Submissions which are longer than three steps from commercial sources or from existing Organic Syntheses procedures will be accepted only in unusual circumstances. 

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