The Introduction of Ionic Forces into Polymers

Before proceeding with the review of known effects of ionic forces on poljmiers, it is advisable to discuss the various ways in which ions can 

Copolymers of a non-ionizable and an ionizable comonomer, a good example being the Surljm materials (47). In aU of these, the ionizable backbone units can be either partially or completely ionized. Materials of this type have also been discussed by Ekdi and Morawetz (26), and by Fitzgerald and Nielsen (30). Other examples are RNA and DNA. 

Homopolymers or copolymers each unit of which is ionizable examples of this type being polyacrylic acid or copolymers of acrylic acid with styrene sulfonic acid. Here again partial or complete ionization is possible. 

Various combinations of the above are possible, for instance polyblends of materials from groups 2 and 3 or of a polycationic and a polyanionic material both from group 3. A special example of the latter is a stoichiometric blend of poly (sodium styrene sulfonate) and poly (vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride) known as polysalt which was recently studied by Gray (36). 

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