The Indian Ocean

Deep ocean concentrations increase progressively as the abyssal water flows (ages) from the North Atlantic, through the Indian Ocean to the North Pacific. 

Fig. 3.9 Vertical profiles of DDT concentration [ng/L] in the Pacific ocean close to Japan (A),(B), in the Indian ocean (E), and in the Antarctic ocean (F). Model results in comparison with observations from Tanabe and Tatsukawa (1983).

Table 12. Content of heavy metals in the plant biomass of the Mangrove ecosystems of the Indian Ocean islands, ppm on dry ash weight (after Dobrovolsky, 1994).

Poli MA, Mende TJ, Baden DG (1989) Brevetoxins, unique activators of voltage-sensitive sodium channels, bind to specific sites in rat brain synaptosomes. Mol Pharmacol 30 129-135 Pullaiah KC, Surapaneni RK, Rao CB, Albizati KF, Sullivan BW, Faulkner DJ, He CH, Clardy J (1985) Dictyoxetane, a novel diterpene from the brown alga Dictyota dichotoma from the Indian Ocean. J Org Chem 50 3665-3666... 

During a recent expedition in the Indian Ocean, as part of the WOCE Hydro-graphic Program, members of the U.S. DOE C02 Survey Science Team used these reference materials extensively for the quality control of measurements of total DIC and total alkalinity. Two manuscripts detailing the results of these measurements on reference materials were published describing the C02 measurements made on that expedition and how reference materials were used to assess the overall data quality (Johnson et al., 1998 Millero et al., 1998). 

Millero, F.J., A.G. Dickson, G. Eischeid, C. Goyet, P. Guenther, K.M. Johnson, K. Lee, D. Purkerson, D.L. Sabine, R.G. Schottle, D.R.W. Wallace, R.J. Wilke, and C.D. Winn. 1998. Total alkalinity measurements in the Indian Ocean during the WOCE hydro-graphic program C02 Cruises 1994-1996. Marine Chemistry 63(1-2) 9-20. 

NADW flows south from its site of formation until it reaches the Southern Ocean where it joins up with AABW The water masses then flow eastward under the influence of the Westerlies. A branch heads off into the Indian Ocean and the rest enters the South Pacific. All along these flow paths, upward advection and turbulent mixing slowly return the water to the surface where the geostrophic currents eventually carry it back to the Atlantic Ocean. Because a major feature of the flow paths is transport across latitudes. 

Like the Atlantic, the Indian Ocean is characterized by foram oozes along its mid-ocean ridge and most of its abyssal plains. Only in basins where the water depths exceed 5000 m are abyssal clays abundant. 

Indonesian throughflow Surface currents that move seawater from the southwestern Pacific Ocean into the Indian Ocean. 

Yang, W. S., Moon, D. Y., Kim, S. S., and Koh, J. R. (2005). "Report on the Bycatch from a Korean Observer on the Korean Tuna Longliner in the Indian Ocean in 2004." National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Busan. 

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