The Human Animal

The answer begins with the realization that humans are animals. And all known animals, human and nonhuman alike, share many similarities. First of all, we are all heterotrophs (consumers of organic material) and are all capable of locomotor activity (movement). Even our basic structure is the same we are all multicellular and package our genetic material in a nucleus, a specific and well-defined region within our cells. On the molecular or biochemical level, the processes of respiration, digestion, excretion, and metabolism (both 

Alan S. Kolok, Modern Poisons-. A Brief Introduction to Contemporary Toxicology, DOI 10.5822/ 978-1-61091-609-7 3, 2016 Alan S. Kolok. 

The fact that invertebrates (snails, worms, insects, clams, and so on) are so morphologically different from us makes it relatively easy to draw a line in the sand and separate the true animals, the vertebrates, from the pseudo-animals, the invertebrates. In fact, our language mirrors the lack of empathy, and indeed revulsion, that many hold for the bulk of invertebrate animals. Our disdain is evident in common insults, such as He s spineless or She needs to get a backbone, comments that separate the invertebrates from us and our vertebrate brethren. 

Regardless of our human biases, the similarities between humans and animals do not end at the dividing fine between the vertebrates and the invertebrates. For while it may be difficult to determine whether 

Examples of the utihty of Krogh s principle abound. In some systems, invertebrates may be simpler then vertebrates, but they may also have unique or larger structures, or they may have structures that possess properties not readily exhibited by vertebrates. A classic example of this phenomenon are the giant axons in the squid 

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In summary, as the human-animal companies bond continues to grow and gain importance, veterinarians are expected to practice a higher quality of medicine. The pharmacist is in a position to assist the veterinarian in obtaining this goal. Familiarity with veterinary medicine, dosage forms, and animal drugs is useful to the pharmacist who acts as an advisor, reference source, and compounder to the veterinarian, the public, and members of the health care team. 

Animal liberationists do not separate out the human animal, so there is no rational basis for saying that a human being has special rights. A rat is a pig is a dog is a boy. They re all mammals." — Washingtonian, August 1986... 

For much more on the human/animal interface in the city, see Wolch, Jennifer. (2002). Anima urbis. Progress in Human Geography 26(6) 721-742. 

Though scientists debate the human, animal, and bacterial evidence concerning carcinogens, many of their disagreements cannot be resolved scientifically. For example,... 

Back to the metabolism discussion. And to the search for the actual drug, the magic bullet, that actually precipitated a model schizophrenic state. If one were to find it, one could look skillfully for the counterpart in the human animal, the one that simply appeared on the scene from some mismanaged metabolic process, and thus could be blamed for mental illness. It had been observed that the longer the chains on the N,N-disubstituted tryptamine, the less the potency. And the longer the chains, the less of the drug was excreted as the 6-hydroxyl metabolite. This focused attention on the hydroxy metabolites of the two simplest and most potent of the dialkyltryptamines, DMT and DET. 

Two synonyms, two definitions, and an expression of admiration. The word norepinephrine is synonymous with noradrenalin, and the word epinephrine is synonymous with adrenalin. The distinctions are that the first in each case is American and the second British. And the term chiral indicates a potential asymmetry in a molecule that would allow eventual separation into two optical isomers. The term racemic refers to a mixture of these two isomers which has not yet been separated into the individual components. A racemic mixture is called a racemate and, from the point of view of the human animal (which is completely asymmetric), must be considered as a mixture of two structurally identical but... 

The treatment of the 2C-B phthalimide described above, with cuprous cyanide rather than cuprous chloride, gave rise to the cyano analog which, on hydrolysis with hydrazine, yielded 2,5-dimethoxy-4-cyanophenethylamine (2C-CN). Hydrolysis of this with hot, strong base gave the corresponding acid, 2,5-dimethoxy-4-carboxyphenethylamine, 2C-COOH. No evaluation of either of these compounds has been made in the human animal, as far as I know. 

Such a restructuring of the family unit might shake society to its core. But such a shift may be neither traumatic nor even widely noticed. When we consider social restructuring, there is a tendency to forget just how absorbent and flexible the human animal can actually be. 

Psychology is the study of animal behavior. The human animal exhibits complex behavior patterns. Is color a factor affecting human behavior ... 

Mention was made that animal studies have shown laetrile to be ineffective against cancer, but in vivo animal tests generally employ mice, which are simply different from the human animal, as are cattle, etc. And even human individuals vary because of biochemical individuality.)... 

The human/animal comparison revealed that some classes were used almost exclusively either in animals (aminoglycosides, amphenicols, polymyxins, tetracyclines) or in humans (nitrofurans). Expressed as percentages of total tonnage sales within each sector (animal or human), several differences were revealed as follows (animal first, humans second) tetracyclines 50.4 and 1.7,... 

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