The Heat Shock Response

When bacteria or almost any organism are exposed to high temperatures, the synthesis of a set of HSPs encoded by heat shock genes is rapidly and transiently induced this reaction has been designated as the heat shock response. Later, it was foimd that most heat shock genes are not only induced by heat, but by many other stress regimens (Table 1). The stress factors have been classified into three groups physicochemical factors, metabolically harmful substances and complex metaboHc processes. Therefore, the heat shock is often called the stress shock to comply with these observations. 

Complex metabolic processes carbon and amino acid starvation viral infection 

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The Human Heat Shock Response Translational Control of the Heat Shock Response... 

Abravaya, K., Phillips, B., Morimoto, R.I. (1991a). Attenuation of the heat shock response in HeLa cells is mediated by the release of bound heat shock transcription factor and is modulated by changes in growth and in heat shock temperatures. Genes and Dev. 5, 2117-2127. 

OiDomenico, B.J., Bugaisky, G.E., Lindquist, S. (1982). The heat shock response is self-regulated at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. Cell 31,593-603. 

Dubois, M.F., Mezger, V., Morange, M., Ferrieux, C., Lebon, P., Bensaude, O. (1988). Regulation of the heat-shock response by interferon in mouse L cells. J. Cell Physiol. 137, 102—109. 

Finnell, R.H., Ager, P.L., Englen, M.D., Bennett, G.D. (1992). The heat shock response A potential to screen teratogens. Toxicol. Lett. 60, 39-52. 

Schmidt, J.A. Abdulla, E. (1988). Down regulation of IL-ip biosynthesis by inducers of the heat shock response. J. Itmnunol. 141, 2027—2034. 

Most medical students look askance at thermobiology. We think this is a mistake hence, we have included a section dealing with this subject. This brings us to the chapter on the heat shock response which at the very outset makes clear that many stressors besides heat are known to result in heat shock gene expression. Many of the heat shock proteins occur in unstressed cells and some of them behave as chaperones. These proteins also reach high levels in a wide range of diseases... 

Cooper, P., Ho, T.-H.D. Hauptmann, R.M. (1984). Tissue specificity of the heat-shock response in maize. Plant Physiology, 75, 431-41. 

In contrast to the heat shock response, there is only limited information on the regulation of the cold shock response, and this exists only for E. coli. Most publications deal with the regulatory role of CspA after a temperature downshock. 

Zhang, Y.-Q. Sarge, K. D. Celastrol inhibits polyglutamine aggregation and toxicity through induction of the heat shock response. J. Mol. Med 2007, 85, 1421-1428. 

Powers, M. V. Workman, P. Inhibitors of the heat shock response biology and pharmacology. FEBS Lett. 2007, 581, 3758-3769. 

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are synthesized by cells in response to an increase in temperature, as well to various other stressful stimuli. Their main function is to ensure intracellular protein homeostasis, thus preserving the cells viability in the presence of aggression. Current evidence points to a protective role for HSPs in several aspects of critical disease, such as ischemia-reperfusion, ARDS, and multiple organ failure. The increase of a few degrees Celsius above the normal environmental temperature of cells leads to the heat shock response 1) rapid expression of heat shock genes, 2) suppression of normal protein synthesis, and 3) the ability of cells to survive a second and otherwise lethal heat challenge (thermotolerance). 

Endogenous protective programs may include ischemic preconditioning and the heat shock response 571... 

Lifshitz R, Tabachnik M, Katan J, Chet I (1983) The effect of sublethal heating on sclerotia of Sclerotium rvlfsii. Can J Microbiol 29 1607-1610. doi 10.1139/m83-246 Lindquist S (1986) The heat-shock response. Ann Rev Biochem 55 1151-1191 Linke KH (1994) Effects of soil solarization on arable weeds under Mediterranean conditions control lack of response or stimulation. Crop Prot 13 115-120. doi 10.1016/S0261-2194(99)00083-6... 

Plesofsky-vig N, Brambl R (1985) The heat shock response of fungi. Exp Mycol 9 187-194 Ploeg AT, Stapleton JJ (2001) Glasshouse studies on the effects of time, temperature and amendment of soil with broccoli plant residues on the infestation of melon plant by Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica. Nematology 3 855-861 Pokharel RR (1995) Effect of crop rotation and solarization on the population densities of rice root nematode Hirschmanniella spp. in Nepal. Int Rice Res Notes 20 28-29... 

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