The development of organic farming in selected countries

Four country case studies are described in more detail below to highlight the interaction of the different factors described in previous sections and the effect they had on the development of the organic farming sector in that country. These case studies are based on information from Lampkin (2001), Compagnoni et al. (2001), Fibiger Nprfeldt (2001), Foster and Lampkin (1999), Kallander (2001), Lampkin etal. (1999), Michelsen etal. (2001), Nieberg etal. (2001), and Padel and Michelsen (2001). 

The implementation of the action plan was regularly monitored. In 1996 this led to the adjustment of the subsidies as a reaction to an uneven 

Subsequently, a considerable increase in the organically cultivated area was observed. Despite this substantial increase in subsidies for arable and pig farms, the majority of converting farms were dairy farms - mainly in response to market forces. In the case of pig farms, it is very likely that a fairly strict limitation of livestock density after conversion has restricted the number of converting farms. 

In 1999 a second action plan was introduced, this time with the declared goal of reaching a 10 per cent share of the cultivated agricultural area by 2003. Moreover, an export target is given particular prominence. This action plan also included statements such as  

The current developmental advantage of Denmark for organic products must be used to strengthen the position in the export markets while the barriers for market entry are still low, which means while the export markets are not yet occupied by local suppliers or brands. 

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