Texture parallel

It is an important key to identify landslides for the reason that the loess slope usually displays continuous strip texture parallel to contour line but dislocated or discontinued when the landslide position appears (Fig. 3(b)). 

The strongly anisotropic shape of the crystallites favors the development of a texture parallel to the surface of the Ag tube in powder-in-tube (PIT) processing, and this is highly desirable for the superconducting properties. The Ag content also serves as a source of pinning centers that hinder the flux line motion. 

The stripe-shaped texture parallel to the rubbing direction is observed due to the formation of periodic undulation of the layer structure (Fig. 6.3.19). In the case that a strong AC voltage is applied, the chevron structure is deformed into the bookshelf structure and the strain occurs. The strain is relaxed by the rotation of the layer direction [55] which forms the periodic layer undulation. 

Fig. 6.3.19 Structure of the stripe-shaped texture parallel to the rubbing direction.

Figure 12.13. Comparison of theoretically predicted transition from spherical to planar structure via the intermediate RO structure with experimental observations [43]. Dimensionless quantities Q = qR are attached to the calculated curves, whereas the experimental data corresponds to Qx 20n. Two sets of experimental values are shown, obtained by observations of droplet textures parallel (squares) and perpendicular (circles) to the field (courtesy of J. Bajc).

Shape bank Texture prograding, sigmoid Shape slope front fill Texture parallel, even... 

Disclinations in tire nematic phase produce tire characteristic Schlieren texture, observed under tire microscope using crossed polars for samples between glass plates when tire director takes nonunifonn orientations parallel to tire plates. In thicker films of nematics, textures of dark flexible filaments are observed, whetlier in polarized light or not. This texture, in fact, gave rise to tire tenn nematic (from tire Greek for tliread ) [40]. The director fields... 

Other excellent methods of phase identification include TEM and electron diffraction. These may be more useful for low-Z materials, ultrathin films, and for characterizing small areas, including individual grains. For multiphase films with incomplete texture, these methods and XRD are complementary, since in commonly used geometries, they probe atomic planes perpendicular and parallel to the thin film surface, respectively. 

Grain size in textured films. For films having a preferred growth direction—e.g., (111)—LEED can be used to determine the preferred direction and the grain size parallel to the surfrce. The preferred direction is obtained from the symmetry of the diffraction patterns, while the grain size is obtained from the shape in angle of diffracted beams. 

The parallelization of crystallites, occurring as a result of fiber drawing, which consists in assuming by crystallite axes-positions more or less mutually parallel, leads to the development of texture within the fiber. In the case of PET fibers, this is a specific texture, different from that of other kinds of chemical fibers. It is called axial-tilted texture. The occurrence of such a texture is proved by the displacement of x-ray reflexes of paratropic lattice planes in relation to the equator of the texture dif-fractogram and by the deviation from the rectilinear arrangement of oblique diffraction planes. With the preservation of the principle of rotational symmetry, the inclination of all the crystallites axes in relation to the fiber axis is a characteristic of such a type of texture. The angle formed by the axes of particular crystallites (the translation direction of space lattice [c]) and the... 

Figure 9-8. Top Loss functiun of highly textural liexuphenyl films for different values of niomcmut transfer parallel to the molecular axis. The tines connect plasinons related to (he same excitation. Bo tom Loss function of textured hexaphenyt films for different values of momentum transfer pcrpcndii. ular to the molecular axis. In both graphs tire spectra were uorinali/al lo obtain equal areas under the curves between 6 and 8 cV - taken front Kef. 1138].

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